Systemic exposure to CpG-ODN elicits low-grade inflammation in the retina
| Autor: | Jelena Kezic, Paul G. McMenamin |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Male Pathology medicine.medical_specialty Ependymoglial Cells Context (language use) Inflammation Retina Green fluorescent protein Diabetes Mellitus Experimental 03 medical and health sciences Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience chemistry.chemical_compound Mice 0302 clinical medicine Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein medicine Animals Receptor Analysis of Variance Microglia Glial fibrillary acidic protein biology business.industry Chemokine CX3CL1 Histocompatibility Antigens Class II Retinal Sensory Systems Ophthalmology Disease Models Animal 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure chemistry Oligodeoxyribonucleotides Hyperglycemia 030221 ophthalmology & optometry biology.protein sense organs medicine.symptom business |
| Zdroj: | Experimental eye research. 186 |
| ISSN: | 1096-0007 |
| Popis: | Previous studies have reported that topical exposure to the toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 ligand CpG-ODN causes widespread ocular inflammation, including retinal microglial activation and posterior segment inflammation. Here we sought to determine the effects of systemic exposure to CpG-ODN in the retina and whether this inflammatory response was altered with Cx 3 cr1 deficiency or hyperglycemia. Male non-diabetic Cx 3 cr1 +/gfp and Cx 3 cr1 gfp/gfp littermates (normoglycemic controls) and Cx 3 cr1 +/gfp Ins2 Akita and Cx 3 cr1 gfp/gfp Ins2 Akita diabetic mice were injected intraperitoneally with 40 μg CpG-ODN. Immunofluorescence staining was performed 1 week later to assess the expression of MHC Class II and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), as well as to identify morphological changes to microglia and changes in retinal macrophage cell density. Systemic exposure to CpG-ODN induced the upregulated expression of both GFAP on retinal Muller cells and MHC Class II on the retinal vasculature. Additionally, there was an increased accumulation of macrophages in the subretinal space 1 week after exposure to systemic CpG-ODN as well as characteristic morphological changes to microglia indicative of an activated phenotype. These preliminary studies demonstrate that low-grade inflammatory changes were not enhanced in Cx 3 cr1-deficient or diabetic mice, indicating that the inflammatory response to systemic CpG-ODN in the retina is unaltered in the context of Cx 3 cr1 deficiency or prolonged hyperglycemia. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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