Adaptation by the Brown Planthopper to Resistant Rice: A Test of Female-Derived Virulence and the Role of Yeast-like Symbionts
| Autor: | Ainara Peñalver Cruz, Finbarr G. Horgan, Jedeliza B. Ferrater, Arriza Arida, Carmencita C. Bernal |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Integrated pest management
Honeydew resistance management Science BPH32 Virulence Zoology Biology Integrated Pest Management Article Heteroptera Planthopper endosymbionts rice breeding Delphacidae BPH3 Host (biology) host plant resistance biology.organism_classification Insect Science Brown planthopper Adaptation honeydew |
| Zdroj: | Insects Volume 12 Issue 10 Insects, Vol 12, Iss 908, p 908 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 2075-4450 |
| Popis: | The adaptation by planthoppers to feed and develop on resistant rice is a challenge for pest management in Asia. We conducted a series of manipulative experiments with the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)) on the resistant rice variety IR62 (BPH3/BPH32 genes) to assess behavioral and bionomic changes in planthoppers exhibiting virulence adaptation. We also examined the potential role of yeast-like symbionts (YLS) in virulence adaptation by assessing progeny fitness (survival × reproduction) following controlled matings between virulent males or females and avirulent males or females, and by manipulating YLS densities in progeny through heat treatment. We found virulence-adapted planthoppers developed faster, grew larger, had adults that survived for longer, had female-biased progeny, and produced more eggs than non-selected planthoppers on the resistant variety. However, feeding capacity—as revealed through honeydew composition—remained inefficient on IR62, even after 20+ generations of exposure to the resistant host. Virulence was derived from both the male and female parents however, females contributed more than males to progeny virulence. We found that YLS are essential for normal planthopper development and densities are highest in virulent nymphs feeding on the resistant host however, we found only weak evidence that YLS densities contributed more to virulence. Virulence against IR62 in the brown planthopper, therefore, involves a complex of traits that encompass a series of behavioral, physiological, and genetic mechanisms, some of which are determined only by the female parent. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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