Insights from Life-Cycle Assessment of the Carbon Capture and Storage Supply Chain from the DMX™ Demonstration in Dunkirk (3D) Project
| Autor: | David Yang Shu, Helen Bewi Komesse, Sandra Beauchet, Ludger Leenders, Fabrice Devaux, vania Moreau, André Bardow |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | SSRN Electronic Journal Proceedings of the 16th Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies Conference (GHGT-16) |
| Popis: | The formation of carbon dioxide (CO2) in industrial processes such as cement or steel production is hard to avoid. To prevent the release to the environment, CO2 can be separated from industrial point sources to be permanently stored in geological storage. However, the required carbon capture and storage (CCS) supply chain entails substantial material and energy demands over the life cycle. To quantify the effectiveness of CCS supply chains in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, life-cycle assessment (LCA) considers the environmental impacts over the full life cycle. Furthermore, environmental impact categories beyond climate change can be analyzed to predict potential environmental hot spots in the CCS supply chain. Due to a lack of primary data, LCA studies rely on literature data, proxies, and simulations to predict the environmental impacts of CCS supply chains. However, recent full-scale CCS projects offer the opportunity to increase the accuracy and confidence in the results of LCAs using real-world data from engineering studies. In this paper, we conduct an LCA of a megaton-scale CCS supply chain designed within the Horizon 2020 project DMX™ Demonstration in Dunkirk (3D). The LCA is based on engineering studies for a CCS supply chain for a steel production plant in Northern France. We evaluate the environmental performance of the supply chain for the local energy supply at the steel plant. A life-cycle CCS efficiency of 93 % can be achieved for storing 1 Mt of CO2 annually, which corresponds to a reduction of the GHG emissions of the steel plant by 6.0 %. In addition, environmental impacts in categories other than climate change increase by less than 1.8 % in most impact categories except for ionizing radiation, where an increase of 18.4 % is observed due to the high share of nuclear power in the French electricity grid. Transportation based on ships emerges as the main contributor to several impact categories due to continued reliance on natural gas as fuel. Even in a worst-case scenario, assuming an all-fossil energy supply, a life-cycle CCS efficiency of 64 % can be achieved. Hence, the proposed CCS supply chain can effectively reduce the GHG emissions of steel production already today. Our study underlines the importance of the energy supply in climate change and other impact categories and points towards transportation as a potential future environmental hot spot. To improve the tradeoff between climate change mitigation and environmental impacts shifting to other categories, the development of CCS projects needs to ensure a low-impact energy supply for all steps of the CCS supply chain, including transportation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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