Effects of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10 and TGF-β on Neospora caninum infection in rat glial cells
| Autor: | Alex Barbosa dos Santos, Maria de Fátima Dias Costa, Alexandre Moraes Pinheiro, Ramon dos Santos El-Bachá, Marcienne Bloch Tardy, Silvia Lima Costa, Songeli Menezes Freire, Erica Etelvina Viana de Jesus |
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| Rok vydání: | 2013 |
| Předmět: |
Cell Survival
Immunology Biology Nitric Oxide Dinoprostone Andrology Interferon-gamma Neospora Transforming Growth Factor beta medicine Animals Rats Wistar Nitrites Cerebral Cortex Microglia Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha General Medicine biology.organism_classification Neospora caninum Interleukin-10 Rats Infectious Diseases medicine.anatomical_structure Animals Newborn Cell culture biology.protein Cytokines Neuroglia Parasitology Tumor necrosis factor alpha Antibody Astrocyte |
| Zdroj: | Experimental Parasitology. 133:269-274 |
| ISSN: | 0014-4894 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.11.016 |
| Popis: | Neospora caninum causes abortion in cattle and neurological disorders in dogs. The immunological response to this parasite has been described as predominantly of the Th1 type. However, infected primary glial cell cultures release IL-10 and IL-6 but not IFN-γ. This suggests a rather protective response of the glia to avoid inflammatory damage of the nervous tissue. In this study, we investigated the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines in primary mixed cultures of rat astrocytes and microglia infected with N. caninum. The cells were treated with either IFN-γ, TNF-α, anti-IL-10 or anti-TGF-β antibodies and were infected with parasite tachyzoites 24h later. Trypan Blue exclusion and MTT assays were performed to test cell viability. It was observed that cytokines, antibody treatment and in vitro infection did not reveal significant cell death in the various culture conditions. Treatment with 50, 150 and 300 IU/mL of either IFN-γ or TNF-α reduced tachyzoites numbers in cultures by 36.7%, 54.8% and 63.8% for IFN-γ and by 27.6%, 38.4% and 29.7% for TNF-α, respectively. In the absence of IL-10 and TGF-β, tachyzoite numbers were reduced by 52.8% and 41.5%, respectively. While IFN-γ (150 and 300 IU/mL) increased the nitrite levels in uninfected cells, parasite infection seemed to reduce the nitrite levels, and this reduction was more expressive in IFN-γ-infected cells, thereby suggesting an inhibitory effect on its production. However, TNF-α, IL-10 and TGF-β did not affect the nitrite levels. Basal PGE(2) levels also increased by 17% and 25%; 78% and 13% in uninfected and infected cells treated with IFN-γ or anti-TGF-β, respectively. Nevertheless, the antibody neutralization of IL-10 reduced PGE(2) release significantly. These results highlight the possibility of a combined effect between the IFN-γ and parasite evasion strategies and show that the IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10 and TGF-β cytokines participate in parasite proliferation control mechanisms. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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