Extracellular mitochondria in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): Potential types and key roles in central nervous system (CNS) physiology and pathogenesis
| Autor: | Antonio W.D. Gavilanes, Serena Sanon, Andrés Caicedo, Kevin Zambrano |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
BIOMARKER
0301 basic medicine Cell signaling Central nervous system MEMBRANE-PARTICLES Mitochondrion Biology ASTROCYTES Mitochondrial fragments MESENCHYMAL STEM-CELLS VESICLES Pathogenesis 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Cerebrospinal fluid medicine Extracellular Humans Extracellular mitochondria types transplant Cell-free-circulating DNA APOPTOTIC BODIES BRAIN Molecular Biology Mitochondrial transfer Cerebrospinal Fluid DAMAGE Neurodegenerative diseases Mesenchymal stem cell DNA Cell Biology Cell biology Mitochondria ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Molecular Medicine 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Homeostasis Biomarkers |
| Zdroj: | Mitochondrion. 58 |
| ISSN: | 1872-8278 |
| Popis: | The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has an important role in the transport of nutrients and signaling molecules to the central nervous and immune systems through its circulation along the brain and spinal cord tissues. The mitochondrial activity in the central nervous system (CNS) is essential in processes such as neuroplasticity, neural differentiation and production of neurotransmitters. Interestingly, extracellular and active mitochondria have been detected in the CSF where they act as a biomarker for the outcome of pathologies such as subarachnoid hemorrhage and delayed cerebral ischemia. Additionally, cell-free-circulating mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) has been detected in both the CSF of healthy donors and in that of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Key questions arise as there is still much debate regarding if ccf-mtDNA detected in CSF is associated with a diversity of active or inactive extracellular mitochondria coexisting in distinct pathologies. Additionally, it is of great scientific and medical importance to identify the role of extracellular mitochondria (active and inactive) in the CSF and the difference between them being damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or factors that promote homeostasis. This review analyzes the different types of extracellular mitochondria, methods for their identification and their presence in CSF. Extracellular mitochondria in the CSF could have an important implication in health and disease, which may lead to the development of medical approaches that utilize mitochondria as therapeutic agents. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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