Environmental Profile and Technological Validation of New High-Tg Unsaturated Polyesters from Fully Bio-Based Monomers and Reactive Diluents
| Autor: | Raffaella Suriano, Maria Nelly Garcia Gonzalez, Stefano Turri |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Environmental Engineering
Materials science Polymers and Plastics 02 engineering and technology 010402 general chemistry 01 natural sciences Styrene Gel permeation chromatography Environmental impact chemistry.chemical_compound Differential scanning calorimetry Greenhouse gas emissions Materials Chemistry Organic chemistry Itaconic acid chemistry.chemical_classification Unsaturated polyesters Polymer 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology 0104 chemical sciences Polyester Dicarboxylic acid chemistry Butanediol Bio-based resins 0210 nano-technology Reactive diluents |
| Popis: | This study was focused on the synthesis and characterization of a fully bio-based unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) with good thermal properties suitable for the commercial production of composite polymers. UPRs based on different ratios of bio-based furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA), itaconic acid, and diols were synthesized. The unsaturated polymers prepared were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, gel permeation chromatography, FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The results showed positive effects of FDCA on the glass transition temperature (Tg) of these fully bio-based polyesters, especially when FDCA was combined with 1,2-propanediol. Optimal values of Tg were obtained in the range of 30–32 °C for UPRs synthesized starting with a higher concentration of FDCA in the monomer feed. The possibility of substituting styrene, which usually acts as a reactive diluent, with a greener and safer alternative during the crosslinking of UPRs, was also explored. Two bio-based reactive diluents were considered: dimethyl itaconate (DMI) and butanediol dimethacrylate. After crosslinking, an average Tg of 75 °C and a good crosslinking efficiency indicated by a gel content of 90% were achieved for the fully bio-based polyester obtained under milder reaction conditions and dilution with DMI. Life cycle assessment was performed on selected UPRs, and comparison with a reference fossil-based resin in terms of the calculated category indicator results confirmed the lower environmental impact of the newly prepared bio-based polyesters. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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