Recovery of motor function after traumatic spinal cord injury by using plasma-synthesized polypyrrole/iodine application in combination with a mixed rehabilitation scheme

Autor: Maria Guadalupe Olayo, Vinnitsa Buzoianu-Anguiano, Guillermo J. Cruz, Araceli Diaz-Ruiz, Laura Alvarez-Mejia, Stephanie Sánchez-Torres, Hermelinda Salgado-Ceballos, Camilo Ríos, Cristian González-Ruiz, Rodrigo Mondragón-Lozano, Roberto Olayo, Omar Fabela-Sánchez, Pablo Damián-Matsumura, Juan Morales, Sandra Orozco-Suárez, Axayacatl Morales-Guadarrama, Carlos E. Orozco-Barrios, Angélica Coyoy-Salgado
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
Polymers
medicine.medical_treatment
Biocompatible Materials
02 engineering and technology
Polypyrrole
Motor function
chemistry.chemical_compound
Chemical Precipitation
Injections
Spinal
Rehabilitation
Argon Plasma Coagulation
Laminectomy
021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology
Combined Modality Therapy
Exercise Therapy
medicine.anatomical_structure
Female
0210 nano-technology
Iodine
medicine.medical_specialty
Spinal Cord Regeneration
Materials science
Traumatic spinal cord injury
0206 medical engineering
Biomedical Engineering
Biophysics
chemistry.chemical_element
Bioengineering
Motor Activity
Glial scar
Biomaterials
Internal medicine
medicine
Animals
Pyrroles
Rats
Long-Evans
Spinal Cord Injuries
Swimming
Environmental enrichment
Nervous tissue
Recovery of Function
020601 biomedical engineering
Nerve Regeneration
Rats
Disease Models
Animal
Endocrinology
chemistry
Lasers
Gas
Environment Design
Zdroj: Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine. 31(7)
ISSN: 1573-4838
Popis: Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) can cause paralysis and permanent disability. Rehabilitation (RB) is currently the only accepted treatment, although its beneficial effect is limited. The development of biomaterials has provided therapeutic possibilities for TSCI, where our research group previously showed that the plasma-synthesized polypyrrole/iodine (PPy/I), a biopolymer with different physicochemical characteristics than those of the PPy synthesized by conventional methods, promotes recovery of motor function after TSCI. The present study evaluated if the plasma-synthesized PPy/I applied in combination with RB could increase its beneficial effects and the mechanisms involved. Adult rats with TSCI were divided into no treatment (control); biopolymer (PPy/I); mixed RB by swimming and enriched environment (SW/EE); and combined treatment (PPy/I + SW/EE) groups. Eight weeks after TSCI, the general health of the animals that received any of the treatments was better than the control animals. Functional recovery evaluated by two scales was better and was achieved in less time with the PPy/I + SW/EE combination. All treatments significantly increased βIII-tubulin (nerve plasticity) expression, but only PPy/I increased GAP-43 (nerve regeneration) and MBP (myelination) expression when were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The expression of GFAP (glial scar) decreased in treated groups when determined by histochemistry, while morphometric analysis showed that tissue was better preserved when PPy/I and PPy/I + SW/EE were administered. The application of PPy/I + SW/EE, promotes the preservation of nervous tissue, and the expression of molecules related to plasticity as βIII-tubulin, reduces the glial scar, improves general health and allows the recovery of motor function after TSCI. The implant of the biomaterial polypyrrole/iodine (PPy/I) synthesized by plasma (an unconventional synthesis method), in combination with a mixed rehabilitation scheme with swimming and enriched environment applied after a traumatic spinal cord injury, promotes expression of GAP-43 and βIII-tubulin (molecules related to plasticity and nerve regeneration) and reduces the expression of GFAP (molecule related to the formation of the glial scar). Both effects together allow the formation of nerve fibers, the reconnection of the spinal cord in the area of injury and the recovery of lost motor function. The figure shows the colocalization (yellow) of βIII-tubilin (red) and GAP-43 (green) in fibers crossing the epicenter of the injury (arrowheads) that reconnect the rostral and caudal ends of the injured spinal cord and allowed recovery of motor function.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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