Body size and allometric variation in facial shape in children
| Autor: | Paula N. Gonzalez, Seth M. Weinberg, Emmanuel Kimwaga, Heather A. Jamniczky, Denise K. Liberton, Campbell Rolian, Jacinda R. Larson, Tracey M. Ferrara, Ophir D. Klein, Mange Manyama, Sheri L. Riccardi, Christopher J. Percival, Ken Lukowiak, Joshua Mathayo, Richard A. Spritz, Joanne B. Cole, Benedikt Hallgrímsson, Jared A. J. Spitzmacher, Charles C. Roseman |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine Male 01 natural sciences Tanzania Imaging face shape Body Size Child Pediatric morphometrics Biological Evolution 3D facial imaging Variation (linguistics) Archaeology Child Preschool Principal component analysis Female Anatomy Adult Biometry Adolescent growth Biology Body size 010603 evolutionary biology Article Anthropology Physical Face shape 03 medical and health sciences Young Adult Imaging Three-Dimensional Physical allometry Humans human Preschool Morphometrics Evolutionary Biology Anthropometry United States 030104 developmental biology Cross-Sectional Studies Morphological integration Evolutionary biology Face Anthropology Three-Dimensional Allometry |
| Zdroj: | American journal of physical anthropology, vol 165, iss 2 |
| Popis: | OBJECTIVES Morphological integration, or the tendency for covariation, is commonly seen in complex traits such as the human face. The effects of growth on shape, or allometry, represent a ubiquitous but poorly understood axis of integration. We address the question of to what extent age and measures of size converge on a single pattern of allometry for human facial shape. METHODS Our study is based on two large cross-sectional cohorts of children, one from Tanzania and the other from the United States (N = 7,173). We employ 3D facial imaging and geometric morphometrics to relate facial shape to age and anthropometric measures. RESULTS The two populations differ significantly in facial shape, but the magnitude of this difference is small relative to the variation within each group. Allometric variation for facial shape is similar in both populations, representing a small but significant proportion of total variation in facial shape. Different measures of size are associated with overlapping but statistically distinct aspects of shape variation. Only half of the size-related variation in facial shape can be explained by the first principal component of four size measures and age while the remainder associates distinctly with individual measures. CONCLUSIONS Allometric variation in the human face is complex and should not be regarded as a singular effect. This finding has important implications for how size is treated in studies of human facial shape and for the developmental basis for allometric variation more generally. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|