Neuropsychological performance in African children with HIV enrolled in a multi-site anti-retroviral clinical trial
| Autor: | Portia Kamthunzi, Miriam Chernoff, Mutsa Bwakura-Dangarembizi, Linda Barlow-Mosha, Patrick Jean-Phillippe, Itziar Familiar-Lopez, Joan Coetzee, Paul Palumbo, Barbara Laughton, Hermien Gous, Mark C. Cotton, Celeste Joyce, Mmule Ratswana, Lee Fairlie, Avy Violari, Katie McCarthy, Nasreen Abrahams, Michael J. Boivin, Bonnie Zimmer |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Pediatrics medicine.medical_specialty Nevirapine Immunology Neurocognitive Disorders HIV Infections Neuropsychological Tests Article Cohort Studies 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine medicine Humans Immunology and Allergy 030212 general & internal medicine Child Generalized estimating equation Clinical Trials as Topic business.industry Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children Lopinavir Child development Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Infectious Diseases Anti-Retroviral Agents Child Preschool Africa Physical therapy Female Ritonavir business 030217 neurology & neurosurgery medicine.drug Cohort study |
| Popis: | Children with HIV infection (HIV+) are at neuropsychological risk, but few studies have evaluated this at multiple sites in low-income and middle-income countries. We compared neuropsychological outcomes at enrollment (5 years age) among HIV+, HIV perinatally exposed uninfected (HEU), and HIV unexposed uninfected (HUU) children from four sub-Saharan countries.IMPAACT P1060 compared nevirapine versus lopinavir/ritonavir-based antiretroviral treatment (ART) in HIV-infected children 6-35 months of age. The present study (P1104s) enrolled P1060 children at 5-11 years of age and evaluated their neuropsychological performance over 2 years using the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, 2nd edition (KABC-II), Tests of Variables of Attention (TOVA), Bruininks-Oseretsky Test, 2nd edition (BOT-2), and parent-reported Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Cohorts were compared using generalized estimating equations least-squares means adjusted for site, child age and sex, and personal and social characteristics for child and caregiver.Six hundred and eleven (246 HIV+, 183 HEU, 182 HUU) of the 615 enrolled at six sites [South Africa (three), Zimbabwe, Malawi, Uganda] were available for analysis. Mean age was 7.2 years, 48% male, 69% in school. Unadjusted and adjusted comparisons were consistent. HIV+ children performed significantly worse than HEU and HUU cohorts on all KABC-II cognitive performance domains and on BOT-2 total motor proficiency (P 0.001), but not on the BRIEF Global Executive Indices. HUU and HEU cohorts were comparable on cognitive outcomes. HIV+ children initiated on ART before 1 year of age had significantly better BRIEF evaluations (lower scores - fewer behavior problems), compared with those started after (P = 0.03).Significant cognitive deficits were documented among HIV+ children at school age, even when started on ART at an early age. Earlier HIV treatment, neuropsychological monitoring, and rehabilitative interventions are all needed. Subsequent testing for 2 more years will help further evaluate how HIV infection and exposure affect the developmental trajectory. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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