The 2014 Lake Askja rockslide-induced tsunami: Optimization of numerical tsunami model using observed data
| Autor: | Finn Løvholt, Tómas Jóhannesson, Carl B. Harbitz, Ármann Höskuldsson, Jihwan Kim, Sveinn Brynjolfsson, Sigríður Sif Gylfadóttir, Jón Kristinn Helgason |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Jarðvísindastofnun (HÍ), Institute of Earth Sciences (UI), Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ), School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI), Háskóli Íslands, University of Iceland |
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
Skriðuföll 010502 geochemistry & geophysics Oceanography 01 natural sciences Geochemistry and Petrology Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Caldera Bathymetry Boussinesq Askja 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Shore geography geography.geographical_feature_category Tsunami Strandflóð business.industry Shallow water Landslide Rockslide Waves and shallow water Geophysics Space and Planetary Science Subaerial Global Positioning System business Seismology Öskjur (jarðfræði) |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans |
| ISSN: | 2169-9291 2169-9275 |
| Popis: | A large rockslide was released from the inner Askja caldera into Lake Askja, Iceland, on 21 July 2014. Upon entering the lake, it caused a large tsunami that traveled about ∼3 km across the lake and inundated the shore with vertical runup measuring up to 60–80 m. Following the event, comprehensive field data were collected, including GPS measurements of the inundation and multibeam echo soundings of the lake bathymetry. Using this exhaustive data set, numerical modeling of the tsunami has been conducted using both a nonlinear shallow water model and a Boussinesq-type model that includes frequency dispersion. To constrain unknown landslide parameters, a global optimization algorithm, Differential Evolution, was employed, resulting in a parameter set that minimized the deviation from measured inundation. The tsunami model of Lake Askja is the first example where we have been able to utilize field data to show that frequency dispersion is needed to explain the tsunami wave radiation pattern and that shallow water theory falls short. We were able to fit the trend in tsunami runup observations around the entire lake using the Boussinesq model. In contrast, the shallow water model gave a different runup pattern and produced pronounced offsets in certain areas. The well-documented Lake Askja tsunami thus provided a unique opportunity to explore and capture the essential physics of landslide tsunami generation and propagation through numerical modeling. Moreover, the study of the event is important because this dispersive nature is likely to occur for other subaerial impact tsunamis. Nordic Centre of Excellence on Resilience and Societal Security (NORDRESS) Research Council of Norway -231252 Icelandic Avalanche and Landslide Fund Vatnajokull National Park |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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