Uticaj organskog i konvencionalnog sistema gajenja i datuma setve na prinos semena i sadržaj ulja i proteina u sortama uljane repice

Autor: Vladimir Sikora, Velimir Radić, Sreten Terzić, Petar Mitrović, Ana Marjanović-Jeromela, Igor Balalić, Željko Milovac, Miroslav Zorić
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
Zdroj: Ratarstvo i Povrtarstvo, Vol 57, Iss 2, Pp 55-60 (2020)
Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo / Field and Vegetable Crops Research
Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo (2020) 57(2):55-60
ISSN: 2217-8392
1821-3944
Popis: Rapeseed is one of the major oil crops, grown in various agroecological conditions. Interest in organic rapeseed is rising, with increasing importance to breeders to determine the need for specific organic breeding programs. The objective of this study was to determine the adaptive value of rapeseed cultivars in organic farming environments. Five winter rapeseed cultivars were grown in conventional and organic plots, each with three sowing dates in four replications. The trials were organized using a randomized block design. The effect of cultivar and farming on emergence, percentage of harvested plants, yield, oil and protein content were investigated. Locally recommended agricultural practices were used to keep the fields free from weeds, insects and diseases. In organic field, weeds were removed mechanically while insects were treated using organic insecticide. The seed samples for analysis of oil and protein content were taken during harvest. Considering agricultural practices, it was found that rapeseed can be successfully grown in organic agriculture, but further improvements are needed to increase stability of production. Early sowing date provides enough time for rapeseed growth before the winter and good overwintering. The cultivars had higher oil content in the conventional farming, while there was no significant effect of farming system on protein content. For cultivar Slavica, higher yield was recorded in organic system, while cultivars Banaćanka and Nena had high yield in both farming systems. The results suggest that the existing conventional breeding material can be used as a good starting point for further trait improvements in organic farming. Uljana repica je jedna od glavnih uljanih kultura koja se uzgaja u različitim agroekološkim uslovima. Interesovanje za organsku uljanu repicu raste, pri čemu je oplemenjivačima od sve većeg značaja da odrede potrebu za posebnim programima organskog oplemenjivanja. Cilj ove studije bio je utvrđivanje adaptivne vrednosti konvencionalnih sorti uljane repice u okruženjima organske poljoprivrede. Pet sorti ozime uljane repice uzgajano je na konvencionalnim i organskim parcelama, od kojih svaka sa tri datuma setve u četiri ponavljanja. Ispitivanja su organizovana korišćenjem slučajnog blok dizajna. Ispitivan je uticaj sorte i načina gajenja na nicanje, procenat požnjevenih biljaka, prinos, sadržaj ulja i proteina. Lokalno preporučene agrotehničke mere su korišćene da se polja sačuvaju od korova, insekata i bolesti. U organskom polju korov se uklanjao mehanički dok su insekti tretirani organskim insekticidom. Uzorci semena za analizu sadržaja ulja i proteina uzeti su tokom žetve. Uzimajući u obzir agrotehničke mere, ustanovljeno je da se uljana repica može uspešno gajiti u organskoj poljoprivredi, ali potrebna su dalja poboljšanja da bi se povećala stabilnost proizvodnje. Rezultati pokazuju da rana setva pruža dovoljno vremena za razvoj uljane repice pre zime i dobro prezimljavanje. Sorte su imale veći sadržaj ulja u konvencionalnom gajenju, dok nije bilo značajnog uticaja sistema gajenja na sadržaj proteina. Za sortu Slavica veći prinos je zabeležen u organskom gajenju, dok su kod oba sistema gajenja sorte Banaćanka i Nena imale visoki prinos. Rezultati upućuju na zaključak da se postojeći konvencionalno oplemenjivani materijal može koristiti kao dobra polazna tačka za dalje poboljšanje svojstava sorti u organskoj poljoprivredi.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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