Molecular and immunogenic features of myelin lipids: incitants or modulators of multiple sclerosis?
| Autor: | M Podbielska, EL Hogan |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2009 |
| Předmět: |
Multiple Sclerosis
T-Lymphocytes Biology medicine.disease_cause Pathogenesis Membrane Lipids Myelin Glycolipid medicine Humans Remyelination Myelin Sheath Phospholipids Sulfoglycosphingolipids Multiple sclerosis T-cell receptor Natural killer T cell medicine.disease Nerve Regeneration Molecular mimicry medicine.anatomical_structure Neurology Biochemistry lipids (amino acids peptides and proteins) Neurology (clinical) Glycolipids |
| Zdroj: | Multiple Sclerosis Journal. 15:1011-1029 |
| ISSN: | 1477-0970 1352-4585 |
| DOI: | 10.1177/1352458509106708 |
| Popis: | Myelin lipids have long been thought to play intriguing roles in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). This review summarizes current understanding of the molecular basis of MS with emphasis on the: (i.) physico-chemical properties, organization and accessibility of the lipids and their distribution within the myelin multilayer; (ii.) characterization of myelin lipid structures, and structure–function relationships relevant to MS mechanisms, and; (iii.) immunogenic and other features of lipids in MS including molecular mimicry, lipid enzyme genetic knockouts, glycolipid-reactive NKT cells, and monoclonal antibody-induced remyelination. New findings associate anti-lipid antibodies with pathophysiological biomarkers and suggest clinical utility. The structure of CD1d-lipid complexed with the lipophilic invariant T cell receptor (iTCR) may be crucial to understanding MS pathogenesis, and design of lipid antigen-specific therapeutics. Novel immuno-modulatory tools for treatment of autoimmune diseases including MS in which there is both constraint of inflammation and stimulation of remyelination are now emerging. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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