The first application of wastewater-based drug epidemiology in five South Korean cities
| Autor: | Foon Yin Lai, Hyun-Chul Kim, Ki Yong Kim, Phong K. Thai, Jochen F. Mueller, Jeong-Eun Oh |
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| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Drug
medicine.medical_specialty Environmental Engineering Substance-Related Disorders media_common.quotation_subject Untreated wastewater Wastewater Waste Disposal Fluid Methamphetamine Toxicology Cocaine Epidemiology Republic of Korea medicine Environmental Chemistry Illicit drug Humans Cities Waste Management and Disposal media_common Consumption (economics) business.industry Illicit Drugs Amphetamines Environmental engineering Pollution Substance Abuse Detection Amphetamine business Water Pollutants Chemical Methadone medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | The Science of the total environment. |
| ISSN: | 1879-1026 |
| Popis: | Illicit drug consumption in five cities in South Korea was estimated by analyzing 17 drug residues in untreated wastewater samples collected during the Christmas and New Year period of 2012-13. Only methamphetamine, amphetamine, and codeine were detected at concentrations of tens of nanograms per liter or even lower concentrations in more than 90% of the samples. Other illicit drug residues (including cocaine, methadone, and benzoylecgonine) that have been detected frequently in wastewater from other countries were not found in this study. Methamphetamine was found to be the most widely used illicit drug in South Korea, and the estimated average consumption rate was 22 mg d(-1) (1000 people)(-1). This rate is, for example, 2-5 times lower than the estimated average consumption rates in Hong Kong and other parts of China and 4-80 times lower than the estimated average consumption rates in cities in Western countries. It should be noted that the wastewater samples analyzed in this study were collected during a holiday season, when daily consumption of illicit drugs is often higher than on an average day. The methamphetamine usage rates were calculated for different cities in South Korea, and the usage rates in smaller cities was higher (2-4 times) than the average. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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