Crop wild relatives of the brinjal eggplant (Solanum melongena) : Poorly represented in genebanks and many species at risk of extinction

Autor: Vivian Bernau, Sandra Knapp, Marie Christine Daunay, Chrystian C. Sosa, Mindy M. Syfert, Colin K. Khoury, Harold A. Achicanoy, Tiina Särkinen, Jaime Prohens, Nora P. Castañeda-Álvarez
Přispěvatelé: Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), International Center for Tropical Agriculture, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV), Unité de recherche Génétique et amélioration des fruits et légumes (GALF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Oslo (UiO), This work was undertaken as part of 'Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Conserving, Protecting and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives' (http://www.cwrdiversity.org/) supported by the Government of Norway and the Natural History Museum's Natural Resources Initiative. Taxonomic and systematic work on Solanum and eggplant CWR was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grant DEB-0316614 'PBI Solanum - a world treatment' to SK. MMS was funded by the Crop and Pest Wild Relatives project as part of the NHM Natural Resources Initiative, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes (GAFL), Syfert, Mindy M., Knapp, Sandra
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2016
Předmět:
0106 biological sciences
Germplasm
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences
Crop genepools
Species distribution
eggplant
Plant Science
agriculture
crop genepools
food security
gap analysis
genebanks
red list assessments
solanaceae
solanum
species distribution modeling
01 natural sciences
Gap analysis
Species distribution modelling
IUCN Red List
Solanaceae
2. Zero hunger
Geography
Ecology
Genebanks
food and beverages
Gap analysis (conservation)
Agriculture
Gene Pool
Africa
Eastern
Species distribution modeling
Agricultural sciences
sécurité alimentaire
Red list assessments
solanum melongena
Centre for Crop Systems Analysis
Crops
Agricultural
Risk
Conservation of Natural Resources
Biology
Eggplant
Extinction
Biological
Solanum
010603 evolutionary biology
Species Specificity
Genetics
Ecology
Evolution
Behavior and Systematics
Resistance (ecology)
matériel génétique
Food security
15. Life on land
Environmental niche modelling
GENETICA
Herbarium
13. Climate action
Threatened species
Sciences agricoles
010606 plant biology & botany
Zdroj: American Journal of Botany 103 (2016) 4
American Journal of Botany
American Journal of Botany, Botanical Society of America, 2016, 103 (4), pp.635-651. ⟨10.3732/ajb.1500539⟩
American Journal of Botany, 103(4), 635-651
American Journal of Botany 4 (103), 635-651. (2016)
RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia
instname
ISSN: 0002-9122
DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500539⟩
Popis: [EN] Crop wild relatives (CWR) provide important traits for plant breeding, including pest, pathogen, and abiotic stress resistance. Therefore, their conservation and future availability are essential for food security. Despite this need, the world's genebanks are currently thought to conserve only a small fraction of the total diversity of CWR. METHODS: We define the eggplant genepool using the results of recent taxonomic and phylogenetic studies. We identify the gaps in germplasm accessions for eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) CWR by comparing georeferenced herbarium records and germplasm accessions using a gap analysis methodology implementing species distribution models (SDM). Preliminary conservation assessments using IUCN criteria were done for all species and were combined with the gap analysis to pinpoint where under-collected and threatened CWR species coincide with high human disturbance and occur outside of protected areas. KEY RESULTS: We show that many eggplant CWR are poorly represented in genebanks compared to their native ranges. Priority areas for future collecting are concentrated in Africa, especially along the Kenya-Tanzania border. Fourteen species of eggplant CWR are assessed as threatened or near-threatened; these are also concentrated in eastern Africa. CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge base upon which conservation of wild relative germplasm depends must take into account both taxonomic and phylogenetic advances. Beyond traditional research focus on close relatives of crops, we emphasize the benefits of defining a broad CWR genepool, and the importance of assessing threats to wild species when targeting localities for future collection of CWR to improve crop breeding in the face of environmental change.
The authors thank the managers curating Solanaceae in both herbaria and genebanks for contributing data for these analyses. Helpful comments by two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. This work was undertaken as part of "Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Conserving, Protecting and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives" (http://www.cwrdiversity.org/) supported by the Government of Norway and the Natural History Museum's Natural Resources Initiative. Taxonomic and systematic work on Solanum and eggplant CWR was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grant DEB-0316614 'PBI Solanum - a world treatment' to SK. MMS was funded by the Crop and Pest Wild Relatives project as part of the NHM Natural Resources Initiative.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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