Hekla Volcano, Iceland, in the 20th Century: Lava Volumes, Production Rates, and Effusion Rates
| Autor: | Gro Pedersen, Fadi Kizel, Friðþór S. Sigurmundsson, Guðrún Gísladóttir, Eyjólfur Magnússon, Olga Kolbrún Vilmundardóttir, Joaquín M. C. Belart, Jon Atli Benediktsson |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Jarðvísindastofnun (HÍ), Institute of Earth Sciences (UI), Líf- og umhverfisvísindastofnun (HÍ), Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences (UI), Rafmagns- og tölvuverkfræðideild (HÍ), Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering (UI), Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ), School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI), Háskóli Íslands, University of Iceland |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Eldgos
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Lava Production rates Geochemistry Hraunrennsli Effusion rates 010502 geochemistry & geophysics 01 natural sciences Lava volumes Loftmyndir Stereo photogrammetry 0105 earth and related environmental sciences geography geography.geographical_feature_category Eldfjöll Kortagerð Hekla Fjarkönnun High‐resolution digital elevation models Geophysics Effusion Volcano General Earth and Planetary Sciences Hraun Geology |
| Zdroj: | Geophysical Research Letters. 45:1805-1813 |
| ISSN: | 0094-8276 |
| DOI: | 10.1002/2017gl076887 |
| Popis: | Publisher's version (útgefin grein) Lava flow thicknesses, volumes, and effusion rates provide essential information for understanding the behavior of eruptions and their associated deformation signals. Preeruption and posteruption elevation models were generated from historical stereo photographs to produce the lava flow thickness maps for the last five eruptions at Hekla volcano, Iceland. These results provide precise estimation of lava bulk volumes: V1947–1948 = 0.742 ± 0.138 km3, V1970 = 0.205 ± 0.012 km3, V1980–1981 = 0.169 ± 0.016 km3, V1991 = 0.241 ± 0.019 km3, and V2000 = 0.095 ± 0.005 km3 and reveal variable production rate through the 20th century. These new volumes improve the linear correlation between erupted volume and coeruption tilt change, indicating that tilt may be used to determine eruption volume. During eruptions the active vents migrate 325–480 m downhill, suggesting rough excess pressures of 8–12 MPa and that the gradient of this excess pressure increases from 0.4 to 11 Pa s−1 during the 20th century. We suggest that this is related to increased resistance along the eruptive conduit. Icelandic Research Fund. Grant Number: 152266‐052 |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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