α-1-Antitrypsin variants and the proteinase/antiproteinase imbalance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
| Autor: | Nicola Sinden, Michael Baker, Jan-Ulrich Kreft, David J. Smith, Robert A. Stockley, Timothy R. Dafforn |
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| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Neutrophils Physiology Myeloblastin Serine Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive Azurophilic granule Proteinase 3 Physiology (medical) Humans alpha-Macroglobulins Enzyme kinetics Lung chemistry.chemical_classification biology Chemistry Degranulation Articles Cell Biology Elastin Enzyme Biochemistry alpha 1-Antitrypsin Neutrophil elastase biology.protein Leukocyte Elastase |
| Zdroj: | American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. 308:L179-L190 |
| ISSN: | 1522-1504 1040-0605 |
| Popis: | The excessive activities of the serine proteinases neutrophil elastase and proteinase 3 are associated with tissue damage in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Reduced concentrations and/or inhibitory efficiency of the main circulating serine proteinase inhibitor α-1-antitrypsin result from point mutations in its gene. In addition, α-2-macroglobulin competes with α-1-antitrypsin for proteinases, and the α-2-macroglobulin-sequestered enzyme can retain its catalytic activity. We have studied how serine proteinases partition between these inhibitors and the effects of α-1-antitrypsin mutations on this partitioning. Subsequently, we have developed a three-dimensional reaction-diffusion model to describe events occurring in the lung interstitium when serine proteinases diffuse from the neutrophil azurophil granule following degranulation and subsequently bind to either α-1-antitrypsin or α-2-macroglobulin. We found that the proteinases remained uninhibited on the order of 0.1 s after release and diffused on the order of 10 μm into the tissue before becoming sequestered. We have shown that proteinases sequestered to α-2-macroglobulin retain their proteolytic activity and that neutrophil elastase complexes with α-2-macroglobulin are able to degrade elastin. Although neutrophil elastase is implicated in the pathophysiology of emphysema, our results highlight a potentially important role for proteinase 3 because of its greater concentration in azurophil granules, its reduced association rate constant with all α-1-antitrypsin variants studied here, its greater diffusion distance, time spent uninhibited following degranulation, and its greater propensity to partition to α-2-macroglobulin where it retains proteolytic activity. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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