Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer: What Do We Know So Far?
| Autor: | Maja Ilić Tomaš, Neva Girotto, Svjetlana Grbac Ivanković, Tatjana Bogović Crnčić |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.drug_class
radiation exposure risk factors thyroid cancer Physiology lcsh:Medicine Nutritional Status Reviews Risk Factors Medicine Humans Early childhood Epigenetics Thyroid Neoplasms Risk factor Thyroid cancer Life Style Carcinogen business.industry Incidence (epidemiology) Incidence lcsh:R General Medicine karcinom štitne žlijezde rizični čimbenici ionizirajuće zračenje medicine.disease Obesity Estrogen Child Preschool business |
| Zdroj: | Acta Clinica Croatica Acta Clinica Croatica, Vol 59., Iss Supplement 1, Pp 66-72 (2020) Acta clinica Croatica Volume 59. Issue Supplement 1 |
| ISSN: | 1333-9451 0353-9466 |
| Popis: | Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine cancer today. The rising incidence of the differentiated papillary type cannot be entirely explained by early and meticulous diagnosis, since a proportion of large tumors has also been reported. In this review, we present the results of numerous investigations focused on possible factors causing increased TC incidence, such as chromosomal and genetic alterations, iodine intake, TSH level, autoimmune thyroid disease, gender, estrogen, obesity, lifestyle changes, and environmental pollutants. Up to now, only childhood exposure to ionizing radiation has been fully recognized as a risk factor. There is also a possibility that yet undiscovered carcinogens, especially during intrauterine life or early childhood, might be responsible for increased TC incidence as well as epigenetic changes. Therefore, more studies are necessary in order to further investigate the potential risk factors for TC and their mechanisms of action. Etiologija karcinoma štitnjače, kao najčešćeg endokrinog karcinoma intenzivno se istražuje, budući da je njegova incidencija zadnjih desetljeća u stalnom porastu, prvenstveno na račun diferenciranog papilarnog karcinoma. Jedan od glavnih razloga porasta incidencije je zasigurno dostupna i kvalitetna dijagnostika karcinoma u ranoj fazi, međutim, uočava se i porast broja većih tumora, što upućuje na zaključak da vjerojatno postoje i drugi uzroci. U ovom radu izloženi su rezultati brojnih istraživanja usmjerenih na ispitivanje potencijalnih čimbenika rizika koji se dovode u vezu s razvojem karcinoma štitne žlijezde, kao što su kromosomske/genske alteracije, unos joda, razina TSH, autoimuna bolest štitnjače, spol, estrogeni, debljina, životne navike i čimbenici okoliša, od kojih je jedini dokazani čimbenik rizika izlaganje ionizirajućem zračenju u djetinjstvu. Potrebna su daljnja istraživanja s ciljem ispitivanja mogućih čimbenika rizika i njihovih mehanizama djelovanja kako bi se moglo učinkovitije kontrolirati i usporiti pojavnost karcinoma štitnjače. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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