Clinical and Mucosal Immune Correlates of HIV-1 Semen Levels in Antiretroviral-Naive Men
| Autor: | Angie K. Marsh, Kelly S. MacDonald, Rupert Kaul, Nico Nagelkerke, Kamnoosh Shahabi, Tania Contente, Lance B. Price, Erika Benko, Cindy M. Liu, Colin Kovacs, Brendan J. W. Osborne, Sanja Huibner |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
endocrine system herpesviruses microbiome Semen urologic and male genital diseases medicine.disease_cause Herpesviridae Virus Proinflammatory cytokine Men who have sex with men 03 medical and health sciences fluids and secretions Immune system Major Article Medicine urogenital system business.industry semen virus diseases HIV Virology cytokines 3. Good health 030104 developmental biology Infectious Diseases Oncology Immunology Human Immunodeficiency Virus RNA business Viral load |
| Zdroj: | Open Forum Infectious Diseases |
| ISSN: | 2328-8957 |
| Popis: | Background This study was done to characterize parameters associated with semen human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 ribonucleic acid (RNA) viral load (VL) variability in HIV-infected, therapy-naive men. Methods Paired blood and semen samples were collected from 30 HIV-infected, therapy-naive men who have sex with men, and 13 participants were observed longitudinally for up to 1 year. Human immunodeficiency virus RNA, bacterial load by 16S RNA, herpesvirus (Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus [CMV]) shedding, and semen cytokines/chemokines were quantified, and semen T-cell subsets were assessed by multiparameter flow cytometry. Results Semen HIV RNA was detected at 93% of visits, with >50% of men shedding high levels of virus (defined as >5000 copies/mL). In the baseline cross-sectional analysis, an increased semen HIV VL correlated with local CMV reactivation, the semen bacterial load, and semen inflammatory cytokines, particularly interleukin (IL)-8. T cells in semen were more activated than blood, and there was an increased frequency of Th17 cells and γδ-T-cells. Subsequent prospective analysis demonstrated striking interindividual variability in HIV and CMV shedding patterns, and only semen IL-8 levels and the blood VL were independently associated with semen HIV levels. Conclusions Several clinical and immune parameters were associated with increased HIV semen levels in antiretroviral therapy-naive men, with induction of local proinflammatory cytokines potentially acting as a common pathway. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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