The prevalence of visual hallucinations in non-affective psychosis, and the role of perception and attention
| Autor: | Van Ommen, M. M., Van Beilen, M., Cornelissen, F. W., Smid, H. G O M, Knegtering, H., Aleman, A., Van Laar, T., Bruggeman, R., Cahn, W., De Haan, L., Kahn, R. S., Meijer, C. J., Myin-Germeys, I., Van Os, J., Wiersma, D. |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Perceptual and Cognitive Neuroscience (PCN), Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Clinical Neuropsychology, Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP), Movement Disorder (MD) |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Visual perception SAMPLE Databases Factual Hallucinations INFORMATION Audiology Neuropsychological Tests 0302 clinical medicine Cognition Face perception psychotic disorders Attention Young adult SCHIZOPHRENIC-PATIENTS Applied Psychology media_common Netherlands GENERAL-POPULATION PARKINSON-DISEASE DEMENTIA visual hallucinations PAD model LEWY BODIES Visual Hallucination Psychiatry and Mental health Visual Perception Female Psychology Facial Recognition Adult medicine.medical_specialty Elementary cognitive task Psychosis media_common.quotation_subject prevalence 03 medical and health sciences Young Adult Perception Journal Article medicine Humans Psychiatry Retrospective Studies AUDITORY HALLUCINATIONS RECOGNITION medicine.disease 030227 psychiatry MODEL Case-Control Studies RISK-FACTORS 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Psychological Medicine, 46(8), 1735-1747. Cambridge University Press Psychological Medicine, 46(8), 1735. Cambridge University Press |
| ISSN: | 0033-2917 |
| Popis: | BackgroundLittle is known about visual hallucinations (VH) in psychosis. We investigated the prevalence and the role of bottom-up and top-down processing in VH. The prevailing view is that VH are probably related to altered top-down processing, rather than to distorted bottom-up processing. Conversely, VH in Parkinson's disease are associated with impaired visual perception and attention, as proposed by the Perception and Attention Deficit (PAD) model. Auditory hallucinations (AH) in psychosis, however, are thought to be related to increased attention.MethodOur retrospective database study included 1119 patients with non-affective psychosis and 586 controls. The Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences established the VH rate. Scores on visual perception tests [Degraded Facial Affect Recognition (DFAR), Benton Facial Recognition Task] and attention tests [Response Set-shifting Task, Continuous Performance Test-HQ (CPT-HQ)] were compared between 75 VH patients, 706 non-VH patients and 485 non-VH controls.ResultsThe lifetime VH rate was 37%. The patient groups performed similarly on cognitive tasks; both groups showed worse perception (DFAR) than controls. Non-VH patients showed worse attention (CPT-HQ) than controls, whereas VH patients did not perform differently.ConclusionsWe did not find significant VH-related impairments in bottom-up processing or direct top-down alterations. However, the results suggest a relatively spared attentional performance in VH patients, whereas face perception and processing speed were equally impaired in both patient groups relative to controls. This would match better with the increased attention hypothesis than with the PAD model. Our finding that VH frequently co-occur with AH may support an increased attention-induced ‘hallucination proneness’. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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