Detecting change in atmospheric ammonia following emission changes

Autor: Liam Kinsella, Colin Gillespie, J. Webb, Chris Flechard, Jan Willem Erisman, Albert Bleeker, Michel Sponar, Beat Reidy, László Horváth, Robert W. Pinder, Zbigniew Klimont, Thomas Ellerman, Y. Sim Tang, Helle Vibeke Andersen, Nicholas J. Hutchings, Caroline Raes, Sonja Vidic, Marta Mitosinkova, Marcus Wallasch, Samantha M.H. Baker, Albrecht Neftel, Viney P. Aneja, Robert Gehrig, Anita Urszula Lewandowska
Přispěvatelé: Sutton, Mark, Reis, Stefan, Baker, Samantha, Agroscope Reckenholz - Tänikon (ART), Agroscope
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2009
Předmět:
Zdroj: Erisman, J W, Bleeker, A, Neftel, A, Aneja, V, Hutchings, N, Kinsella, L, Tang, Y S, Webb, J, Sponar, M, Raes, C, Mitosinkova, M, Vidie, S, Andersen, H V, Klimont, Z, Pinder, R, Baker, S, Reidy, B, Flechard, C, Horvarth, L, Lewandowska, A, Gillespie, C, Wallasch, M, Gehrig, R & Ellerman, T 2009, Detecting change in atmospheric ammonia following emission changes . in M Sutton, S Reis & S Baker (eds), Atmospheric ammonia : Detecting emission changes and environmental impacts. Results of an expert workshop under the contention on longrange transboundary air pollution . Springer Science+Business Media, pp. 383-390 .
Aarhus University
Scopus-Elsevier
Erisman, J W, Bleeker, A, Neftel, A, Aneja, V, Hutchings, N, Kinsella, L, Tang, Y S, Webb, J, Sponar, M, Raes, C, Mitosinkova, M, Vidic, S, Andersen, H V, Klimont, Z, Pinder, R, Baker, S, Reidy, B, Flechard, C, Horvath, L, Lewandowska, A, Gillespie, C, Wallasch, M, Gehrig, R & Ellerman, T 2009, Detecting change in atmospheric ammonia following emission changes . in Atmospheric Ammonia : Detecting Emission Changes and Environmental Impacts . Springer, pp. 383-390 . https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9121-6_23
Atmospheric Ammonia
Atmospheric Ammonia, Springer Netherlands, pp.383-390, 2009, ⟨10.1007/978-1-4020-9121-6_23⟩
Atmospheric Ammonia ISBN: 9781402091209
Erisman, J W, Bleeker, A, Neftel, A, Aneja, V, Hutchings, N, Kinsella, L, Tang, Y S, Webb, J, Sponar, M, Raes, C, Mitosinkova, M, Vidic, S, Andersen, H V, Klimont, Z, Pinder, R, Baker, S, Reidy, B, Flechard, C, Horvath, L, Lewandowska, A, Gillespie, C, Wallasch, M, Gehrig, R & Ellerman, T 2009, ' Detecting change in atmospheric ammonia following emission changes ', Paper presented at UNECE Edinburgh Expert Workshop under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, CLRTAP 2006, Leith, United Kingdom, 04/12/2006-06/12/2006 pp. 383-390 .
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9121-6_23
Popis: The Working Group discussed the progress on the state of knowledge on deriving trends from measurements and their use to verify abatement measures or other causes for decrease in emissions of ammonia to the atmosphere. The conclusions from the 2000 Berne meeting (Menzi and Achermann 2001), the background review (Bleeker et al. 2009) and presentations during the session (Horvath et al. 2009; Tang et al. 2009; Webb et al. 2009), as well as the discussions served as input for the conclusions of this report. We have seen some clear advancement in closing the gap between the observed and expected values for reduced nitrogen, where we do get a better understanding of the reasons behind it. The long-term measurements that are available follow the emission trend. Current measurements make it possible to evaluate policy progress on ammonia emission abatement. Especially in those countries where there were big (>25%) changes in emissions, such as in the Netherlands and Denmark the trend is followed quite closely, especially when meteorology is well taken into account. In order countries, such as the UK, the trend was much smaller, but there was no gap between measurements and model estimates. In the Netherlands there still is an ammonia gap: a significant (30%) difference between emissions based ammonia concentrations and measurements. The trend is the same. The difference might be due to either an underestimation of the emission or an overestimation of the dry deposition. It is recommended to further explore this gap, especially by investigating the high temporal resolution measurements, improving the emission/deposition modeling, by having a model intercomparison with countries that use models that do not show a gap and finally by doing a thorough uncertainty analysis. On the European scale it is difficult to follow the emission changes, both because of lack of measurements, especially in the Eastern part of Europe and because of the confounding factor of the SO2 emission reductions, affecting the ammonium concentrations in aerosol and in rain water. It is recommended to fully implement the EMEP monitoring strategy and to improve the models in order to quantify the influence of a changing chemical climate. The EMEP monitoring strategy can be a good starting point for development of a strategy that is focused on the right questions. Therefore first it is necessary to evaluate policies and the indicators derived from them that need to be assessed (time and space). Using existing models a pre-modeling study should be done to select the monitoring sites that eventually will give you the answer to the basic (policy) question using improved models and assessment tools. The best and economic feasible instrumentation should be selected with an extensive QA/QC program to make the measurements comparable. After implementation, especially for trend evaluation, the monitors used should not be changed.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz: