The vaginal smear as an ovulatory index
| Autor: | Albert Goldhar, Marvin H. Grody, William H. Masters |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 1952 |
| Předmět: |
Infertility
Ovulation medicine.medical_specialty media_common.quotation_subject Physiology Desquamation medicine Vaginal smear Humans media_common Gynecology Vaginal Smears business.industry Genitourinary system Obstetrics and Gynecology medicine.disease Mucus Ovulation Detection medicine.anatomical_structure Reproductive Medicine Vagina Female medicine.symptom business |
| Zdroj: | Fertility and sterility. 3(5) |
| ISSN: | 0015-0282 |
| Popis: | This paper presents vaginal smear criteria for determining the time of ovulation. A total of 121 infertile patients submitted 138 complete cycle series and 448 series covering the ovulatory phase alone yielding 586 series of vaginal smears available for analysis. The preovulatory state was characterized by: 1) a peak of estrogenic stimulation by a 65-95% cornification level; 2) a clearing phenomenon with light desquamation and minimal vaginal debris; 3) preovulatory mucus; 4) a shower of leukocytes; and 5) curling or folding of the cell edges. Cases rarely presented all 5 of these features. Moreover the number of these features occurring in the cycle and their temporal relationship to the diagnosed time of ovulation showed tremendous variation from case to case. The ovulatory smear was characterized by a moderately heavy desquamation of mature epithelial cells showing a high level of cornification and pyknotic nuclei marked curling and folding of the edges and generalized wrinking of the cytoplasm. A tendency toward grouping of cells was often noted. The immediate postovulatory phase was marked by extensive clumping of cells with dark staining reaction of the clumps and a marked drop in the level of cornification. On the basis of these cytologic criteria ovulation was predicted within 24 hours in 84 (69%) of patients. It was predicted within 36 hours in an additional 29 (24%). 48% of patients achieved conception during a period of time when the fertility schedule was detrmined by reading of vaginal smears. Ovulation can best be predicted by obtaining a series of daily smears for 2-3 cycles followed by daily evaluation of smears taken every 12 hours during the days when ovulation is expected. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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