Update on Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Outbreaks — Worldwide, January 2018–June 2019
| Autor: | Jaume Jorba, Ousmane M. Diop, Jane Iber, Elizabeth Henderson, Kun Zhao, Arshad Quddus, Roland Sutter, John F. Vertefeuille, Jay Wenger, Steven G.F. Wassilak, Mark A. Pallansch, Cara C. Burns |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Health (social science)
Epidemiology Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Global Health medicine.disease_cause 01 natural sciences Disease Outbreaks 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Health Information Management Immunity Poliomyelitis eradication Humans Medicine Full Report 030212 general & internal medicine Serotyping 0101 mathematics business.industry Poliovirus 010102 general mathematics Outbreak Vaccine virus General Medicine Virology Polio Vaccination Oral Poliovirus Vaccine Poliovirus Vaccine Oral business Vaccine derived poliovirus Poliomyelitis |
| Zdroj: | Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |
| ISSN: | 1545-861X 0149-2195 |
| DOI: | 10.15585/mmwr.mm6845a4 |
| Popis: | Certification of global eradication of indigenous wild poliovirus type 2 occurred in 2015 and of type 3 in 2019. Since the launch of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in 1988 and broad use of live, attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), the number of wild poliovirus cases has declined >99.99% (1). Genetically divergent vaccine-derived poliovirus* (VDPV) strains can emerge during vaccine use and spread in underimmunized populations, becoming circulating VDPV (cVDPV) strains, and resulting in outbreaks of paralytic poliomyelitis.† In April 2016, all oral polio vaccination switched from trivalent OPV (tOPV; containing vaccine virus types 1, 2, and 3) to bivalent OPV (bOPV; containing types 1 and 3) (2). Monovalent type 2 OPV (mOPV2) is used in response campaigns to control type 2 cVDPV (cVDPV2) outbreaks. This report presents data on cVDPV outbreaks detected during January 2018-June 2019 (as of September 30, 2019). Compared with January 2017-June 2018 (3), the number of reported cVDPV outbreaks more than tripled, from nine to 29; 25 (86%) of the outbreaks were caused by cVDPV2. The increase in the number of outbreaks in 2019 resulted from VDPV2 both inside and outside of mOPV2 response areas. GPEI is planning future use of a novel type 2 OPV, stabilized to decrease the likelihood of reversion to neurovirulence. However, all countries must maintain high population immunity to decrease the risk for cVDPV emergence. Cessation of all OPV use after certification of polio eradication will eliminate the risk for VDPV emergence. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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