Drainage N Loads Under Climate Change with Winter Rye Cover Crop in a Northern Mississippi River Basin Corn-Soybean Rotation
| Autor: | Dennis Todey, Dan B. Jaynes, Liwang Ma, Robert W. Malone, Zhiming Qi, Anna Radke, Jade Gerlitz, Quanxiao Fang, Huaiqing Wu, Jurgen Garbrecht, Jerry L. Hatfield, Matthew Sima, Thomas C. Kaspar, Phillip Busteed |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
Cash crop Geography Planning and Development Drainage basin Climate change TJ807-830 cover crop Management Monitoring Policy and Law TD194-195 01 natural sciences Renewable energy sources nitrate RZWQM GE1-350 Drainage Cover crop 0105 earth and related environmental sciences geography geography.geographical_feature_category model Environmental effects of industries and plants hypoxia Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment Crop yield 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences Environmental sciences climate change Agronomy 040103 agronomy & agriculture 0401 agriculture forestry and fisheries DNS root zone Environmental science Water quality drainage |
| Zdroj: | Sustainability, Vol 12, Iss 7630, p 7630 (2020) Sustainability Volume 12 Issue 18 |
| ISSN: | 2071-1050 |
| Popis: | To help reduce future N loads entering the Gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi River 45%, Iowa set the goal of reducing non-point source N loads 41%. Studies show that implementing winter rye cover crops into agricultural systems reduces N loads from subsurface drainage, but its effectiveness in the Mississippi River Basin under expected climate change is uncertain. We used the field-tested Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) to estimate drainage N loads, crop yield, and rye growth in central Iowa corn-soybean rotations. RZWQM scenarios included baseline (BL) observed weather (1991&ndash 2011) and ambient CO2 with cover crop and no cover crop treatments (BL_CC and BL_NCC). Scenarios also included projected future temperature and precipitation change (2065&ndash 2085) from six general circulation models (GCMs) and elevated CO2 with cover crop and no cover crop treatments (CC and NCC). Average annual drainage N loads under NCC, BL_NCC, CC and BL_CC were 63.6, 47.5, 17.0, and 18.9 kg N ha&minus 1. Winter rye cover crop was more effective at reducing drainage N losses under climate change than under baseline conditions (73 and 60% for future and baseline climate), mostly because the projected temperatures and atmospheric CO2 resulted in greater rye growth and crop N uptake. Annual CC drainage N loads were reduced compared with BL_NCC more than the targeted 41% for 18 to 20 years of the 21-year simulation, depending on the GCM. Under projected climate change, average annual simulated crop yield differences between scenarios with and without winter rye were approximately 0.1 Mg ha&minus 1. These results suggest that implementing winter rye cover crop in a corn-soybean rotation effectively addresses the goal of drainage N load reduction under climate change in a northern Mississippi River Basin agricultural system without affecting cash crop production. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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