PHEBUS: A double ultraviolet spectrometer to observe Mercury's exosphere

Autor: John Clarke, Eric Quémerais, Jean-Pierre Goutail, N. Yan, G. Muramaki, V.I. Gnedykh, S. Gallet, Jean-Baptiste Rigal, David C. Slater, Oleg Korablev, Jean-Loup Bertaux, Randy Gladstone, M.-Th. Capria, Jean-Luc Maria, Esa Kallio, Michael Mendillo, Christophe Montaron, Eric Chassefière, S. Okano, Pierre-Olivier Mine, Dominique Delcourt, Andrew E. Potter, Rosine Lallement, Alan Stern, P. Moisseev, Stéphane Erard, N. Semena, Giampiero Naletto, Rosemary M. Killen, O. E. Kozlov, Maria Guglielmina Pelizzo, Albert Jambon, Sho Sasaki, D. Hunten, Gabriele Cremonese, V. Kottsov, François Leblanc, Wing-Huen Ip, Herbert Palme, Anna Milillo, Ann L. Sprague, Robert E. Johnson, Piergiorgio Nicolosi, Ichiro Yoshikawa, Manuel Grande, Nicolas Rouanet, Vladislav Izmodenov, Kazuo Yoshioka, Jean-Jacques Correia, Janet G. Luhmann, C. Hourtoule, Alain Doressoundiram
Přispěvatelé: Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions et dynamique des environnements de surface (IDES), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), HELIOS - LATMOS, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tohoku University [Sendai], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Laboratory for Ultraviolet and X-ray Optical Research [Padova] (LUXOR), CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica - Roma (IASF-Roma), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Center for Space Physics [Boston] (CSP), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Department of Astronomy [Boston], Observatoire de Paris - Site de Paris (OP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), University of Arizona, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), Institute of Astronomy [Taiwan] (IANCU), National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Department of Aeromechanics and Gas Dynamics [Moscow], Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Laboratoire Magie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Engineering Physics Program [Charlottesville], University of Virginia [Charlottesville], Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Department of Astronomy [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] (SSL), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (IFSI), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Universität zu Köln, National Solar Observatory [Tucson] (NSO/Tucson), Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA)-National Science Foundation [Arlington] (NSF), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Scientific Production Enterprise Astron Electronics, University of Virginia, University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, National Science Foundation [Arlington] (NSF)-Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), HEPPI - LATMOS, The University of Tokyo, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2010
Předmět:
Zdroj: Planetary and Space Science
Planetary and Space Science, Elsevier, 2010, 58 (1-2), pp.201-223. ⟨10.1016/j.pss.2008.05.018⟩
Planetary and Space Science, 2010, 58 (1-2), pp.201-223. ⟨10.1016/j.pss.2008.05.018⟩
ISSN: 0032-0633
DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2008.05.018⟩
Popis: International audience; Probing of Hermean exosphere by ultraviolet spectroscopy (PHEBUS) is a double spectrometer for the Extreme Ultraviolet range (55-155 nm) and the Far Ultraviolet range (145-315 nm) devoted to the characterization of Mercury's exosphere composition and dynamics, and surface-exosphere connections. This French-led instrument is implemented in a cooperative scheme involving Japan (detectors), Russia (scanner) and Italy (ground calibration). PHEBUS will address the following main scientific objectives relative to Mercury's exosphere: determination of the composition and the vertical structure of the exosphere; characterization of the exospheric dynamics: day to night circulation, transport between active and inactive regions; study of surface release processes; identification and characterization of the sources of exospheric constituents; detection and characterization of ionized species and their relation with the neutral atmosphere; space and time monitoring of exosphere/magnetosphere exchange and transport processes; study and quantification of escape, global scale source/sink balance and geochemical cycles synergistically with other experiments of BepiColombo (Mercury Sodium Atmospheric Spectral Imager (MSASI), Mercury Plasma Particle Experiment (MPPE) on Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter (MMO); Mercury imaging X-ray spectrometer (MIXS), Search for exosphere refilling and emitted neutral abundance (SERENA) on Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO)). Two gratings and two detectors are used according to a specific, compact design. The spectrum detection is based on the photon counting method and is realized using micro-channel plate (MCP) detectors with Resistive Anode Encoder (RAE). Typical photocathodes are CsI or KBr for the extreme ultra-violet (EUV) range, CsTe for the far ultra-violet (FUV) range. Extra visible lines are monitored using a photo-multiplier (PM) that is also used in photon counting mode. In order to prevent sensitivity losses which are critical in UV ranges, a minimum of reflections is achieved inside the instrument using only an off-axis parabola and a set of holographic gratings. A one degree-of-freedom scanning system allows to probe, at the highest possible signal-to-noise ratio, selected regions and altitude ranges of interest. Different modes of observation will be used sequentially (vertical scans, along-orbit scans, grazing observations at twilight, etc.). During the mission, the instrument will be regularly calibrated on well chosen stars, in such a way to quantitatively estimate the overall degradation of the sensitivity of the instrument.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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