Markers of Low-Iron Status Are Associated with Female Athlete Triad Risk Factors
| Autor: | Michael Fredericson, Carrie A. Karvonen-Gutierrez, Neville H. Golden, Jennifer L. Carlson, Adam S. Tenforde, Traci L. Carson, Erin E Finn |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Female athlete triad
Adult medicine.medical_specialty Adolescent Anemia Iron Physical Therapy Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation Risk Assessment 03 medical and health sciences symbols.namesake Triad (sociology) Young Adult 0302 clinical medicine Risk Factors Internal medicine Medicine Humans Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Fisher's exact test Bone mineral biology Anemia Iron-Deficiency business.industry Athletes Female Athlete Triad Syndrome 030229 sport sciences medicine.disease biology.organism_classification Dietary Supplements symbols Female Self Report business Risk assessment Body mass index |
| Zdroj: | Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 53(9) |
| ISSN: | 1530-0315 |
| Popis: | PURPOSE The Female Athlete Triad (Triad) is common in female athletes. The Triad is caused by low-energy availability (EA), which is often difficult to measure and has been postulated to be associated with low-iron status. Here, we explore whether markers of low-iron status may be associated with indicators of low EA including Triad risk factors. METHODS A total of 239 female National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes completed preparticipation examinations that included Triad risk factors, medication/supplement use, diagnosis of anemia, and elected to complete dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan to measure bone mineral density. The association of markers of low iron (defined as self-report of iron supplementation and/or history of anemia) with each component of the Triad risk assessment score was assessed by stratifying low-iron status across different levels of Triad risk category. Differences across iron status groups were assessed using Fisher exact testing. RESULTS Every component of the Triad risk assessment score excluding delayed menarche was associated with low-iron status. The proportion of women who reported low iron was 11.5% in the low-risk EA group compared with 50% in the moderate-risk and 66.7% in the high-risk EA groups (P = 0.02); respectively. These numbers were 11.6%, 25.0%, and 66.7% (P = 0.02) for body mass index; 9.7%, 16.7%, and 25.0% (P < 0.05) for oligomenorrhea; 10.3%, 45.5%, and 50.0% (P < 0.01) for bone mineral density; and 10.4%, 20.8%, and 30.8% (P = 0.03) for history of stress reaction or fracture. Lean/endurance athletes were more likely to have low-iron status than other athletes (15.5% vs 3.4%, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Markers for low-iron status were associated with Triad risk factors. Our study suggests that female athletes with a history of anemia or iron supplementation may require further screening for low EA. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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