Quality of water used for haemodialysis: bacteriological and chemical parameters
| Autor: | W H Hörl, Regina Sommer, F Vorbeck, I Vorbeck-Meister |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 1999 |
| Předmět: |
Transplantation
Chromatography Ion exchange business.industry Mineralogy Portable water purification Contamination Osmosis Water Purification Metals Renal Dialysis Water Supply Nephrology Medicine Water treatment Water quality Raw water Water Microbiology business Reverse osmosis Water Pollutants Chemical |
| Zdroj: | Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 14:666-675 |
| ISSN: | 1460-2385 0931-0509 |
| DOI: | 10.1093/ndt/14.3.666 |
| Popis: | BACKGROUND The bacterial and chemical contamination of dialysate fluids are important problems in haemodialysis therapy and may be caused by the water used for dialysate preparation. METHODS We performed a survey of the microbiological and chemical quality of the water used in seven dialysis wards. Special attention was paid to the effects of each water treatment step, for example ion exchange, reverse osmosis and UV disinfection, on the number of bacteria (measured as colony forming units, CFU), the amount of endotoxin (endotoxin units, EU) and various chemical parameters, the main focus being on calcium, magnesium, sulphate, aluminium and heavy metals. RESULTS CFU values exceeding the European Pharmacopeia value, determined at an incubation temperature of 22 degrees C, were found in the samples of raw water (20.0%, n=25), after ion exchange (66.7%, n=12), after reverse osmosis (33.3%, n=18) and also in samples of the dialysis water taken at the inlets (12.5%, n=40) and outlets (50.0%, n=18) of the machines. Whereas all raw water samples from the wards showed high mean values for endotoxin (0.56-9.10 EU/ml) and the endotoxin levels were often enhanced after ion exchange (0.13- >9.49 EU/ml), treatment by reverse osmosis led to a satisfactory decrease in endotoxin in all samples ( |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|