| Popis: |
Dynamic effects originating from the electric double layers (EDL) are studied in thin liquid films (TLF) containing ionic and nonionic surfactants. To account for such effects, the EDL are to be incorporated into the differential equations describing the TLF drainage. Numerical simulations in the literature have shown that foam films containing ionic surfactants can drain at a slower rate than that predicted by the Reynolds equation (V(Re)) which postulates rigid planar film surfaces. However, the physical reason of the trend has remained unclarified, and the numerical results have not been validated by any experimental data. In the present study, experiments on the drainage of planar foam films were conducted with the anionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) in the presence of additional electrolyte (0.02 M NaCl) and with the cationic tetrapentylammonium bromide (TPAB). The obtained results are in accord with the numerical simulations from the literature (V/V(Re) < 1). Such behavior was observed already in our preceding experiments on planar TLF with SDS without added electrolyte. These results were compared to the data of the experiments with TLF containing nonionic surfactant, and differences in the drainage pattern between ionics and nonionics were established. A new theoretical model was developed to account for the dynamic effects arising from EDL. According to the present model, the liquid outflow drags the bulk charges of EDL toward the film border, thus generating streaming potential (as in capillary tubes), which in turn brings the charges back toward the center to maintain the state of zero total electrical current. This creates reverse convection of the liquid near the surfaces, resulting in a velocity of film drainage smaller than V(Re). The present theory predicts kinetic dependence closer to the experiment than the Reynolds equation. The limitations of this new model are specified: it is valid for high ionic strength or low value of the surface potential. |
