Tipping the Balance: Antagonism of PKR Kinase and ADAR1 Deaminase Functions by Virus Gene Products
| Autor: | Cyril X. George, Ann M. Toth, Charles E. Samuel, Ying Wang, Zhiqun Li, Kristina M. Okonski |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2009 |
| Předmět: |
Adenosine Deaminase
viruses Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 Immunology Reviews RNA-dependent RNA polymerase Apoptosis RNA-binding protein Antiviral Agents environment and public health Viral Proteins eIF-2 Kinase RNA Virus Infections Interferon Virology medicine Animals Humans RNA Viruses Enzyme Inhibitors EIF-2 kinase biology RNA-Binding Proteins RNA Cell Biology biochemical phenomena metabolism and nutrition Molecular biology Protein kinase R Immunity Innate Cell biology enzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates) RNA editing biology.protein Interferons RNA Editing Signal transduction Signal Transduction medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research. 29:477-487 |
| ISSN: | 1557-7465 1079-9907 |
| DOI: | 10.1089/jir.2009.0065 |
| Popis: | The protein kinase regulated by RNA (PKR) and the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR1) are interferon-inducible enzymes that play important roles in biologic processes including the antiviral actions of interferons, signal transduction, and apoptosis. PKR catalyzes the RNA-dependent phosphorylation of protein synthesis initiation factor eIF-2 alpha, thereby leading to altered translational patterns in interferon-treated and virus-infected cells. PKR also modulates signal transduction responses, including the induction of interferon. ADAR1 catalyzes the deamination of adenosine (A) to generate inosine (I) in RNAs with double-stranded character. Because I is recognized as G instead of A, A-to-I editing by ADAR1 can lead to genetic recoding and altered RNA structures. The importance of PKR and ADAR1 in innate antiviral immunity is illustrated by a number of viruses that encode either RNA or protein viral gene products that antagonize PKR and ADAR1 enzymatic activity, localization, or stability. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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