Identification of proteins from 4200-year-old skin and muscle tissue biopsies from ancient Egyptian mummies of the first intermediate period shows evidence of acute inflammation and severe immune response
| Autor: | Dylan Xavier, Raffaella Bianucci, Do Seon Lim, Dong Hoon Shin, Prathiba Ravishankar, Mehdi Mirzaei, Paul A. Haynes, Jana Jones |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Proteomics 0301 basic medicine Muscle tissue Biopsy General Mathematics General Physics and Astronomy Inflammation Biology 03 medical and health sciences Immune system Keratin medicine Humans Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Skin chemistry.chemical_classification Innate immune system Muscles General Engineering Articles Mummies Trypsin Molecular biology Immunity Innate Gene Ontology 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure chemistry Acute Disease Egypt Female medicine.symptom medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 374:20150373 |
| ISSN: | 1471-2962 1364-503X |
| DOI: | 10.1098/rsta.2015.0373 |
| Popis: | We performed proteomics analysis on four skin and one muscle tissue samples taken from three ancient Egyptian mummies of the first intermediate period, approximately 4200 years old. The mummies were first dated by radiocarbon dating of the accompany-\break ing textiles, and morphologically examined by scanning electron microscopy of additional skin samples. Proteins were extracted, separated on SDS–PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) gels, and in-gel digested with trypsin. The resulting peptides were analysed using nanoflow high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. We identified a total of 230 unique proteins from the five samples, which consisted of 132 unique protein identifications. We found a large number of collagens, which was confirmed by our microscopy data, and is in agreement with previous studies showing that collagens are very long-lived. As expected, we also found a large number of keratins. We identified numerous proteins that provide evidence of activation of the innate immunity system in two of the mummies, one of which also contained proteins indicating severe tissue inflammation, possibly indicative of an infection that we can speculate may have been related to the cause of death. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Quantitative mass spectrometry’. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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