Conditionability of 'voluntary' and 'reflexive-like' behaviors, with special reference to elimination behavior in cattle
| Autor: | Lindsay R. Matthews, Jan Langbein, Lars Schrader, Douglas Elliffe, Neele Dirksen, Birger Puppe |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Cognitive Neuroscience media_common.quotation_subject Animal Welfare Autonomic Nervous System Urination 03 medical and health sciences Behavioral Neuroscience 0302 clinical medicine Physical medicine and rehabilitation medicine Animals Learning 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology media_common Toilet business.industry Urethral sphincter 05 social sciences Classical conditioning Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology Toileting Latrine Defecation Conditioning Operant Livestock Cattle business 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. 115 |
| ISSN: | 1873-7528 |
| Popis: | Typically, cattle urinate and defecate with little or no control over time and place. The resulting excreta contributes to a range of adverse effects on the environment and the animals themselves. These adverse effects could be substantially ameliorated if livestock could be toilet trained. Toilet training requires an animal to suppress impending voiding (a reflexive-like behavior), move to a latrine (voluntary behavior) and reinitiate voiding. Here, we review the neurophysiological processes and learning mechanisms regulating toileting. The suppression and initiation of voiding occur primarily via the coordinated activity of smooth and striated anal and urinary sphincter muscles. The autonomic and somatic nervous systems, along with central processes, regulate these muscles. In several mammalian species, voluntary control of the sphincters has been demonstrated using classical and/or operant conditioning. In this review, we demonstrate that the neurophysiological and behavioral regulation of voiding in cattle is likely to be similarly conditionable. The management of excreta deposition in cattle could have major benefits for reducing livestock greenhouse gas emissions and improving animal health/welfare. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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