The concentration and risk assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in unrefined salt: a case study of Aran and Bidgol Lake, Iran
| Autor: | Masoud Dehghani, Zoha Heidarinejad, Gholam Reza Mostafaii, Alireza Moravveji, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, Yadolah Fakhri, Bahareh Hajirostamloo, Mohsen Hesami Arani |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
chemistry.chemical_classification
business.industry Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis 010401 analytical chemistry Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Sediment (wine) Soil Science Salt (chemistry) 010501 environmental sciences Contamination Food safety 01 natural sciences Pollution 0104 chemical sciences Analytical Chemistry chemistry Environmental chemistry Food products Environmental Chemistry Environmental science Risk assessment business Waste Management and Disposal 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Water Science and Technology |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 102:1192-1204 |
| ISSN: | 1029-0397 0306-7319 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/03067319.2020.1734195 |
| Popis: | Sediment salt or unrefined salt is among the widely used ingredients in a variety of eastern food products while the contamination of this product with properties potentially toxic elements (PTEs) due to their bio-bioaccumulation and persistence can endanger the health of consumers. In this regard, in the current investigation, 62 samples of salt sediment were collected from Aran and Bidgol Lake and the concentration of As, Cd, Ni, and Pb were measured by the aid of an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Also, the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks for the adults and children consumers were estimated by the aid of the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method. According to findings, the rank order of PTEs based of their concentration was As (0.41 mg/kg) > Ni (0.22 mg/kg) > Cd (0.17 mg/kg) > Pb (0.15 mg/kg), while the rank order of PTEs according to target hazard quotient (THQ) for the adult���s consumers were calculated as As (0.285) > Cd (0.030) > Pb (0.017) > Ni (0.007) and for children was As (1.471) > Cd (0.170) > Pb (0.072) > Ni (0.035). Also, the cancer risk (CR) due to As in the adults and children was measured as 1.27E-4 and 6.19E-4, respectively. The non-carcinogenic health risk demonstrated that all consumers (adults and children) are at the safe range (TTHQ < 1); however, consumers are at cancer risk due to ingestion of As via salt consumption (CR > 10���4). Therefore, the continuous and careful monitoring for control entrance sources of As into salt sediment of Aran and Bidgol lake is essential. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|