Effects of sample size on estimates of population growth rates calculated with matrix models

Autor: Ian J. Fiske, Emilio M. Bruna, Benjamin M. Bolker
Rok vydání: 2008
Předmět:
0106 biological sciences
Population Research
Epidemiology
Population Dynamics
lcsh:Medicine
01 natural sciences
Population density
Growth Rate
Statistics
lcsh:Science
Mathematical Computing
Accuracy
Population Structure
Observer Variation
Multidisciplinary
Ecology
Statistical Model
Species Distribution
Sampling (statistics)
Population ecology
Plants
Classification
Survival Rate
010601 ecology
Statistical Analysis
Ecology/Population Ecology
Plant Physiology
Probability distribution
Research Article
Population Size
Biology
Theoretical ecology
010603 evolutionary biology
Models
Biological

Sampling Studies
Plant Density
Biological Model
Plant Cells
Population growth
Controlled Study
Population Growth
Plant Physiological Phenomena
Demography
Population Density
Models
Statistical

lcsh:R
Plant
Nonhuman
Matrix Model
Fertility
Sample size determination
Sample Size
lcsh:Q
Vital rates
Cytology
Computational Biology/Ecosystem Modeling
Mathematical Model
Zdroj: PLoS ONE
PLoS ONE, Vol 3, Iss 8, p e3080 (2008)
Repositório Institucional do INPA
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)
instacron:INPA
ISSN: 1932-6203
Popis: BACKGROUND: Matrix models are widely used to study the dynamics and demography of populations. An important but overlooked issue is how the number of individuals sampled influences estimates of the population growth rate (lambda) calculated with matrix models. Even unbiased estimates of vital rates do not ensure unbiased estimates of lambda-Jensen's Inequality implies that even when the estimates of the vital rates are accurate, small sample sizes lead to biased estimates of lambda due to increased sampling variance. We investigated if sampling variability and the distribution of sampling effort among size classes lead to biases in estimates of lambda. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using data from a long-term field study of plant demography, we simulated the effects of sampling variance by drawing vital rates and calculating lambda for increasingly larger populations drawn from a total population of 3842 plants. We then compared these estimates of lambda with those based on the entire population and calculated the resulting bias. Finally, we conducted a review of the literature to determine the sample sizes typically used when parameterizing matrix models used to study plant demography. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We found significant bias at small sample sizes when survival was low (survival = 0.5), and that sampling with a more-realistic inverse J-shaped population structure exacerbated this bias. However our simulations also demonstrate that these biases rapidly become negligible with increasing sample sizes or as survival increases. For many of the sample sizes used in demographic studies, matrix models are probably robust to the biases resulting from sampling variance of vital rates. However, this conclusion may depend on the structure of populations or the distribution of sampling effort in ways that are unexplored. We suggest more intensive sampling of populations when individual survival is low and greater sampling of stages with high elasticities.
Databáze: OpenAIRE