Association of plasma levels of Protein S with disease severity in multiple sclerosis
| Autor: | Judith Field, Helmut Butzkueven, Jodi Haartsen, Trevor J. Kilpatrick, Michele D. Binder, Melissa Gresle, Lauren Giuffrida, Gerry Z. M. Ma, Louise Laverick |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
education
Disease TAM receptors Receptor tyrosine kinase Protein S Multiple sclerosis 03 medical and health sciences Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience 0302 clinical medicine medicine Receptor 030304 developmental biology 0303 health sciences Innate immune system biology business.industry MERTK medicine.disease humanities Cohort Immunology biology.protein Original Article Neurology (clinical) business 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Multiple sclerosis journal-experimental, translational and clinical |
| ISSN: | 2055-2173 |
| Popis: | Background The TAM family of receptor tyrosine kinases (TYRO3, AXL and MERTK) play important roles in modulating innate immune responses and central demyelination. The TAM receptor ligand Protein S (PROS) has also been shown to modulate innate immune cell responses. Objectives We assessed whether plasma levels of PROS are changed in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and whether changes are associated with disease severity. Methods Plasma levels of total and free PROS were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a discovery cohort (MS: 65, control: 14) and an independent replication cohort (MS: 29, control: 29). The Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) was used to evaluate associations between plasma PROS levels and disease severity. Results We found plasma levels of total, but not free PROS, were decreased in MS patients compared with controls. In female MS patients, we observed decreases in total and free PROS levels compared with controls. In addition, we also observed higher MSSS in patients with very low levels of plasma free PROS. Conclusions These data suggest PROS may represent a potential marker of disease severity in MS. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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