In-vitro activity of levofloxacin against clinical isolates of Legionella spp, its pharmacokinetics in guinea pigs, and use in experimental Legionella pneumophila pneumonia
| Autor: | Paul H. Edelstein, Jianjun Ren, K. H. Lehr, Martha A. C. Edelstein |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 1996 |
| Předmět: |
Microbiology (medical)
Male Ofloxacin Legionella Guinea Pigs Erythromycin Levofloxacin Microbial Sensitivity Tests Legionella pneumophila Microbiology Guinea pig Anti-Infective Agents Medicine Animals Humans heterocyclic compounds Pharmacology (medical) Antibacterial agent Pharmacology biology business.industry biochemical phenomena metabolism and nutrition bacterial infections and mycoses biology.organism_classification Ciprofloxacin Infectious Diseases bacteria Legionnaires' Disease business medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 37(1) |
| ISSN: | 0305-7453 |
| Popis: | The activities of levofloxacin and ofloxacin against 22 clinical legionella isolates was determined by microbroth dilution susceptibility testing. Growth inhibition of two Legionella pneumophila strains grown in guinea pig alveolar macrophages by levofloxacin, ofloxacin, or erythromycin was also determined. The drug concentrations required to inhibit 90% of strains tested was 0.032 mg/L for levofloxacin or ofloxacin, and was 0.016 mg/L for ciprofloxacin. BYE alpha broth significantly inhibited the activities of all three drugs tested, as judged by the susceptibility of control Escherichia coli strains. Levofloxacin (0.25 mg/L) reduced bacterial counts of two L. pneumophila strains grown in guinea pig alveolar macrophages by 1 log10, but regrowth occurred over a 3 day period; levofloxacin (1 mg/L) reduced bacterial counts by 2-3 log10 cfu/mL. Levofloxacin was significantly more active than erythromycin, and as active as ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin in this assay. Pharmacokinetic and therapy studies of levofloxacin and ofloxacin were performed in guinea pigs with L. pneumophila pneumonia. For the pharmacokinetic study, levofloxacin was given (10 mg/kg) by the intraperitoneal route to infected guinea pigs; mean peak plasma and lung concentrations were 3.4 mg/L and 1.4 micrograms/g, respectively, at 0.5 h and 2.6 mg/L and 0.6 micrograms/g at 1 h. The terminal half-life phase of elimination from plasma and lung was c. 1 h. All 15 infected guinea pigs treated with levofloxacin (10 mg/kg/day given ip once daily) for 5 days survived for 9 days after antimicrobial therapy, as did all 14 guinea pigs treated with the same dose of ofloxacin. None of 13 animals treated with saline survived. Levofloxacin is effective against L. pneumophila in vitro and in a guinea pig model of legionnaire's disease. Levofloxacin should be evaluated as a treatment of human legionnaires' disease. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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