Electronic cigarettes: overview of chemical composition and exposure estimation
| Autor: | Thomas Kuballa, Julia Hengen, Matthias Kohl-Himmelseher, Jürgen Hahn, Jörg Schüssler, Dirk W. Lachenmeier, Harald Hahn, Yulia B. Monakhova |
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| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
Nicotine
Health (social science) Medicine (miscellaneous) lcsh:RC254-282 Health(social science) chemistry.chemical_compound Tobacco users Environmental health Labelling medicine Glycerol Thujone Food science Chemical composition Risk assessment lcsh:RC705-779 business.industry Electronic nicotine delivery systems Research Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health lcsh:Diseases of the respiratory system lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens chemistry Nicotine delivery Electronic cigarettes business Ethylene glycol medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Tobacco Induced Diseases Tobacco Induced Diseases, Vol 12, Iss December (2014) BASE-Bielefeld Academic Search Engine |
| ISSN: | 2070-7266 |
| Popis: | Background Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are advertised to tobacco users as a tool to decrease cigarette consumption and to reduce toxic exposure associated with conventional tobacco smoking. Little is known about the compounds contained in such products, their exposure and long-term health effects. Methods NMR spectroscopy was used to ascertain the content of several constituents of e-cigarette liquids including nicotine, solvents and some bioactive flavour compounds. Risk assessment was based on probabilistic exposure estimation and comparison with toxicological thresholds using the margin of exposure (MOE) approach. Results In 54 samples of e-cigarette liquids, the average nicotine content was 11mg/ml. Only 18 from 23 samples were confirmed as nicotine-free samples and in one e-cigarette liquid nicotine was not detected while being declared on the labelling. Major compounds of e-cigarette liquids include glycerol (average 37g/100g), propylene glycol (average 57g/100g) and ethylene glycol (average 10g/100g). Furthermore, 1,3-propanediol, thujone and ethyl vanillin were detected in some samples. The average exposure for daily users was estimated as 0.38mg/kg bw/day for nicotine, 8.9mg/kg bw/day for glycerol, 14.5mg/kg bw/day for 1,2-propanediol, 2.1mg/kg bw/day for ethylene glycol, and below 0.2mg/kg bw/day for the other compounds. The MOE was below 0.1 for nicotine, but all other compounds did not reach MOE values below 100 except ethylene glycol and 1,2-propanediol. Conclusions NMR spectroscopy is a useful and rapid method to simultaneously detect several ingredients in e-cigarette liquids. From all compounds tested, only nicotine may reach exposures that fall into a high risk category with MOE |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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