Spectrum of Clinical and Associated MR Imaging Findings in Children with Olfactory Anomalies
Autor: | Timothy N. Booth, Nancy K. Rollins |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2016 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism Olfactory system Male Pathology medicine.medical_specialty Adolescent Corpus callosum Pediatrics 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine medicine Humans Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Child Retrospective Studies medicine.diagnostic_test business.industry Brain Infant Magnetic resonance imaging Anatomy medicine.disease Magnetic Resonance Imaging Olfactory Bulb Hypoplasia Olfactory bulb Skull 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Dysplasia Child Preschool Female Neurology (clinical) business 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
Zdroj: | AJNR Am J Neuroradiol |
Popis: | BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The olfactory apparatus, consisting of the bulb and tract, is readily identifiable on MR imaging. Anomalous development of the olfactory apparatus may be the harbinger of anomalies of the secondary olfactory cortex and associated structures. We report a large single-site series of associated MR imaging findings in patients with olfactory anomalies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective search of radiologic reports (2010 through 2014) was performed by using the keyword “olfactory”; MR imaging studies were reviewed for olfactory anomalies and intracranial and skull base malformations. Medical records were reviewed for clinical symptoms, neuroendocrine dysfunction, syndromic associations, and genetics. RESULTS: We identified 41 patients with olfactory anomalies (range, 0.03–18 years of age; M/F ratio, 19:22); olfactory anomalies were bilateral in 31 of 41 patients (76%) and absent olfactory bulbs and olfactory tracts were found in 56 of 82 (68%). Developmental delay was found in 24 (59%), and seizures, in 14 (34%). Pituitary dysfunction was present in 14 (34%), 8 had panhypopituitarism, and 2 had isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. CNS anomalies, seen in 95% of patients, included hippocampal dysplasia in 26, cortical malformations in 15, malformed corpus callosum in 10, and optic pathway hypoplasia in 12. Infratentorial anomalies were seen in 15 (37%) patients and included an abnormal brain stem in 9 and an abnormal cerebellum in 3. Four patients had an abnormal membranous labyrinth. Genetic testing was performed in 23 (56%) and findings were abnormal in 11 (48%). CONCLUSIONS: Olfactory anomalies should prompt careful screening of the brain, skull base, and the pituitary gland for additional anomalies. Genetic testing should be considered. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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