The large-scale structure of the halo of the Andromeda galaxy II. Hierarchical structure in the Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey

Autor: William E. Harris, Lawrence M. Widrow, Mike Irwin, Arif Babul, Michelle L. M. Collins, Geraint F. Lewis, Nial R. Tanvir, Aaron Dotter, R. Michael Rich, Anthony R. Conn, Jorge Peñarrubia, T. J. Davidge, B. McMonigal, Denija Crnojević, Avon Huxor, Nicolas F. Martin, Pauline Barmby, Alan W. McConnachie, Rodrigo A. Ibata, Veronica Arias, Patrick Côté, David Valls-Gabaud, Annette M. N. Ferguson, Chelsea Spengler, Thomas H. Puzia, Stephen D. J. Gwyn, Scott Chapman, Edouard J. Bernard, Nicholas F. Bate, Guillaume F. Thomas, A. Dougal Mackey, Julio F. Navarro
Přispěvatelé: National Research Council of Canada (NRC), Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg (ObAS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA (UMR_8112)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Centre d'Études Linguistiques - Corpus, Discours et Sociétés (CEL), Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2018
Předmět:
Zdroj: Physics and Astronomy Publications
McConnachie, A W, Ibata, R, Martin, N, Ferguson, A M N, Collins, M, Gwyn, S, Irwin, M, Lewis, G F, Mackey, A D, Davidge, T, Arias, V, Conn, A, Cote, P, Crnojevic, D, Huxor, A, Penarrubia, J, Spengler, C, Tanvir, N, Valls-Gabaud, D, Babul, A, Barmby, P, Bate, N F, Bernard, E, Chapman, S, Dotter, A, Harris, W, McMonigal, B, Navarro, J, Puzia, T H, Rich, R M & Thomas, G 2018, ' The large-scale structure of the halo of the Andromeda galaxy II. Hierarchical structure in the Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey ', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 868, no. 1 . https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aae8e7
McConnachie, A W, Ibata, R, Martin, N, Ferguson, A M N, Collins, M, Gwyn, S, Irwin, M, Lewis, G F, Mackey, A D, Davidge, T, Arias, V, Conn, A, Cote, P, Crnojevic, D, Huxor, A, Penarrubia, J, Spengler, C, Tanvir, N, Valls-Gabaud, D, Babul, A, Barmby, P, Bate, N F, Bernard, E, Chapman, S, Dotter, A, McMonigal, B, Navarro, J, Puzia, T H, Rich, R M, Thomas, G & Widrow, L M 2018, ' The large-scale structure of the halo of the Andromeda galaxy II. Hierarchical structure in the Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey ', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 868, no. 1, 55 . https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aae8e7
The Astrophysical Journal
The Astrophysical Journal, American Astronomical Society, 2018, 868 (1), pp.55. ⟨10.3847/1538-4357/aae8e7⟩
The Astrophysical Journal, 2018, 868 (1), pp.55. ⟨10.3847/1538-4357/aae8e7⟩
ISSN: 0004-637X
1538-4357
Popis: The Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey is a survey of $>400$ square degrees centered on the Andromeda (M31) and Triangulum (M33) galaxies that has provided the most extensive panorama of a $L_\star$ galaxy group to large projected galactocentric radii. Here, we collate and summarise the current status of our knowledge of the substructures in the stellar halo of M31, and discuss connections between these features. We estimate that the 13 most distinctive substructures were produced by at least 5 different accretion events, all in the last 3 or 4 Gyrs. We suggest that a few of the substructures furthest from M31 may be shells from a single accretion event. We calculate the luminosities of some prominent substructures for which previous estimates were not available, and we estimate the stellar mass budget of the outer halo of M31. We revisit the problem of quantifying the properties of a highly structured dataset; specifically, we use the OPTICS clustering algorithm to quantify the hierarchical structure of M31's stellar halo, and identify three new faint structures. M31's halo, in projection, appears to be dominated by two `mega-structures', that can be considered as the two most significant branches of a merger tree produced by breaking M31's stellar halo into smaller and smaller structures based on the stellar spatial clustering. We conclude that OPTICS is a powerful algorithm that could be used in any astronomical application involving the hierarchical clustering of points. The publication of this article coincides with the public release of all PAndAS data products.
Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. 51 pages, 24 figures, 5 tables. Some figures have degraded resolution. All PAndAS data products are available via the CADC at http://www.cadc-ccda.hia-iha.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/en/community/pandas/query.html where you can also find a version of the paper with full resolution figures
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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