Analysis of metallic and metal oxide nanomaterial environmental emissions
Autor: | Ash Genaidy, Reynold Sequeira, Amro El Badawy, Wael H.M. Abdelraheem, Thabet Tolaymat |
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Rok vydání: | 2017 |
Předmět: |
Renewable Energy
Sustainability and the Environment Strategy and Management Engineered nanomaterials Oxide Nanotechnology 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology 01 natural sciences Article Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Nanomaterials Metal chemistry.chemical_compound chemistry Biological species visual_art Biological media visual_art.visual_art_medium Environmental science Occupational exposure 0210 nano-technology Aluminum oxide 0105 earth and related environmental sciences General Environmental Science |
Zdroj: | J Clean Prod |
ISSN: | 0959-6526 |
Popis: | The current study presents evidence on metallic and metal oxide engineered nanomaterial (ENM) emissions into the environment and an analytic perspective of the outcomes of evaluated studies with respect to different individual end points along the lifecycle trajectory. The key findings suggest that 1) the published literature on emissions of metallic ENMs is limited in both the number and information available on the characteristics of emitted ENMs; 2) the studies are classified as experimental and computational studies focused on predicting ENM emissions; 3) the majority of studies investigated ENM emissions during nanomaterial use and waste management, followed by raw material manufacturing, and finally, nano-enabled product manufacturing; 4) the studies primarily reported the concentration/quantity of emitted ENMs, whereas the physical–chemical characteristics of emitted ENMs were rarely measured or reported; and 5) the published literature primarily focused on emissions of silver and titanium dioxide ENMs and lacked similar information on other surging metallic and metal oxide ENMs such as nano-zero valent iron (nZVI), aluminum (Al), and aluminum oxide (Al(2)O(3)) ENMs. The evidence suggests that emitted nanoparticles into the air cover a wide range of concentrations below and above the allowable occupational exposure limits. The concentrations of nanoparticles in water systems are considered in the toxic to very toxic range for a variety of biological species. Given the critical gaps in knowledge, one cannot read across different sources of emissions for metallic and metal oxide ENMs hampering efforts with respect to understanding realistic scenarios for transformations in the natural environment and biological media. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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