Phenotypic Instability and Rapid Gene Silencing in Newly Formed Arabidopsis Allotetraploids
Autor: | Breck Byers, Ken Winter, Rachel Holmes-Davis, Yvonne Stevens, Luca Comai, Steven H. Reynolds, Anand P. Tyagi |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2000 |
Předmět: |
Transposable element
Genetic Markers DNA Complementary DNA Plant Molecular Sequence Data Arabidopsis Plant Science Genes Plant Arabidopsis arenosa Polyploidy Gene Expression Regulation Plant Gene family Epigenetics Gene Silencing Gene Genetics biology Chromosome Cell Biology Sequence Analysis DNA biology.organism_classification Phenotype DNA methylation Seeds Hybridization Genetic Research Article |
Popis: | Allopolyploid hybridization serves as a major pathway for plant evolution, but in its early stages it is associated with phenotypic and genomic instabilities that are poorly understood. We have investigated allopolyploidization between Arabidopsis thaliana (2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} \begin{equation*}n\;{\mathrm{{\mathbf{=}}}}\;2x\;{\mathrm{{\mathbf{=}}}}\;10;\end{equation*}\end{document} n\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} \begin{equation*},\;{\mathrm{gametic\;chromosome\;number}};\end{equation*}\end{document} x\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} \begin{equation*},\;{\mathrm{haploid\;chromosome\;number}}\end{equation*}\end{document}) and Cardaminopsis arenosa (2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} \begin{equation*}n\;{\mathrm{{\mathbf{=}}}}\;4x\;{\mathrm{{\mathbf{=}}}}\;32\end{equation*}\end{document}). The variable phenotype of the allotetraploids could not be explained by cytological abnormalities. However, we found suppression of 20 of the 700 genes examined by amplified fragment length polymorphism of cDNA. Independent reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analyses of 10 of these 20 genes confirmed silencing in three of them, suggesting that ∼0.4% of the genes in the allotetraploids are silenced. These three silenced genes were characterized. One, called K7, is repeated and similar to transposons. Another is RAP2.1, a member of the large APETALA2 (AP2) gene family, and has a repeated element upstream of its 5′ end. The last, L6, is an unknown gene close to ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE on chromosome 1. CNG DNA methylation of K7 was less in the allotetraploids than in the parents, and the element varied in copy number. That K7 could be reactivated suggests epigenetic regulation. L6 was methylated in the C. arenosa genome. The present evidence that gene silencing accompanies allopolyploidization opens new avenues to this area of research. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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