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The purpose of the article is to show what were the basic principles of philosophical education that go back to Plato and how they were realized by Plotinus six centuries later. It was shown that the main questions of education in Platonism and the answers to them were suggested by Plato himself. Having created the Academy, he tried to put into practice his ideas about philosophical education. Wellfounded information about arrangement of education in the Academy has not been preserved. But on the basis of Plato's dialogues “Symposium”, “Republic”, “Theaetetus” and others it is possible to show what the educational ideal of the philosopher was, how he correlated with the striving for “assimilation to God.” It is noted that a platonic philosophical education had basically unsolvable aporia, which comes down to the fact that, on the one hand, it is impossible to teach philosophy, and on the other hand, it is impossible to philosophize without teaching. Thus, according to Plato, philosophy was inextricably linked with pedagogy. This aporia stimulated the necessary tension of thought that made platonic philosophical education so productive. In addition, platonic philosophical education was a unity of philosophical (true knowledge), pedagogical (soul education) and religious (salvation) goals, which gave this system unique stability. Plotinus, about whom St. Augustin said that in him Plato came to life again, revived both the platonic philosophy (interpreting it in a new way) and platonic philosophical education (gathering around himself listeners and students). The goal of such education was still “assimi-lation to God,” or, in the words of Plotinus, unity with the One. In this article particular attention is paid to the comparison of the path of ascent from the sensual to the intelligible world according to Plato and Plotinus in the context of the issue of philosophical education. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the texts of Plato and Plotinus, it is demonstrated that Plotinus reproduces almost all the structural components that, according to Plato, should have had a philo-sophical education |
