Adhesion of freshwater sponge cells mediated by carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions requires low environmental calcium
| Autor: | Francisco F. Bezerra, Priscilla J Ciodaro, Gustavo R.C. Santos, Dario Anselmetti, Xavier Fernàndez-Busquets, Eduardo Vilanova, Paulo A.S. Mourão, Juan José Valle-Delgado |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Esponges
chemistry.chemical_element Citologia Fresh Water Calcium Polysaccharide Biochemistry 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Sulfation Polysaccharides Cell Adhesion Animals Cell adhesion 030304 developmental biology Glucan chemistry.chemical_classification 0303 health sciences biology Spongilla biology.organism_classification Porifera Sponge chemistry Sponges Seawater Proteoglycans Cytology 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Dipòsit Digital de la UB Universidad de Barcelona |
| Popis: | Marine ancestors of freshwater sponges had to undergo a series of physiological adaptations to colonize harsh and heterogeneous limnic environments. Besides reduced salinity, river-lake systems also have calcium concentrations far lower than seawater. Cell adhesion in sponges is mediated by calcium-dependent multivalent self-interactions of sulfated polysaccharides components of membrane-bound proteoglycans named aggregation factors. Cells of marine sponges require seawater average calcium concentration (10\xC2\xA0mM) to sustain adhesion promoted by aggregation factors. We demonstrate here that the freshwater sponge Spongilla alba can thrive in a calcium-poor aquatic environment and that their cells are able to aggregate and form primmorphs with calcium concentrations 40-fold lower than that required by marine sponges cells. We also find that their gemmules need calcium and other micronutrients to hatch and generate new sponges. The sulfated polysaccharide purified from S. alba has sulfate content and molecular size notably lower than those from marine sponges. Nuclear magnetic resonance analyses indicated that it is composed of a central backbone of non- and 2-sulfated \xCE\xB1- and \xCE\xB2-glucose units decorated with branches of \xCE\xB1-glucose. Assessments with atomic force microscopy/single-molecule force spectroscopy show that S. alba glucan requires 10-fold less calcium than sulfated polysaccharides from marine sponges to self-interact efficiently. Such an ability to retain multi-cellular morphology with low environmental calcium must have been a crucial evolutionary step for freshwater sponges to successfully colonize inland waters. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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