The role of organic matter amendment level on soil heating, organic acid accumulation, and development of bacterial communities in solarized soil
| Autor: | Lawrence D. Joh, Christopher W. Simmons, Brendan T. Higgins, Blake A. Simmons, Steven W. Singer, Simon Staley, James J. Stapleton, Jean S. VanderGheynst |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
chemistry.chemical_classification
Ecology Compost Soil organic matter Amendment food and beverages Soil Science Soil solarization 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences 010501 environmental sciences engineering.material complex mixtures 01 natural sciences Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) Humus chemistry Agronomy Heat generation 040103 agronomy & agriculture engineering 0401 agriculture forestry and fisheries Environmental science Soil horizon Organic matter 0105 earth and related environmental sciences |
| Zdroj: | Applied Soil Ecology. 106:37-46 |
| ISSN: | 0929-1393 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.04.018 |
| Popis: | In light of the negative environmental impacts of soil fumigants such as methyl bromide, soil solarization, the treatment of soil using passive solar heating, has emerged as an environmentally friendly approach to soil pest suppression. Unfortunately, traditional solarization processes remove land from cultivation for 4–6 weeks during the peak of the growing season, limiting economic practicality. Biosolarization, where soil is amended with organic residues prior to solarization, can accelerate pest suppression, compress the solarization timetable, and facilitate effective treatment in shorter time periods. A combination of laboratory experiments and a field trial were employed in this study to examine the effects of organic matter amendment on soil heating, organic acid accumulation, and microbial community dynamics during biosolarization. Provision of organic matter resulted in robust metabolic activity, boosting peak soil temperatures by up to 2 °C beyond what could be achieved without an organic amendment. In the deep soil layers, organic matter amendment led to significant accumulation of acetic, iso -butyric, and butyric acids; increasing organic matter from 0% to 5% yielded 352–1271 fold increases in organic acid accumulation. The relative abundance of several organisms belonging to the phylum Firmicutes also increased with increasing organic matter amendment. The organic acid levels observed in this study (1–7 mg g −1 soil) would result in soil suppressive to a variety of fungal and nematode plant pathogens. Moreover, results suggest that suppression could be achieved within 2 weeks, potentially making biosolarization a more attractive alternative to chemical fumigation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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