Reasoning from connectives and relations between entities
| Autor: | Philip N. Johnson-Laird, Robert Mackiewicz |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Deductive reasoning Logic Experimental and Cognitive Psychology Exclusive or 050105 experimental psychology Article 03 medical and health sciences Mental models Judgment Young Adult 0302 clinical medicine Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) Sentential connectives Psychological Theory Humans 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences Categorical variable Relations Problem Solving Transitive relation 05 social sciences 16. Peace & justice Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology Logical biconditional If and only if Premise Psychology Social psychology 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Cognitive psychology |
| Zdroj: | Memory & Cognition |
| ISSN: | 1532-5946 0090-502X |
| Popis: | This article reports investigations of inferences that depend both on connectives between clauses, such as or else, and on relations between entities, such as in the same place as. Participants made more valid inferences from biconditionals--for instance, Ann is taller than Beth if and only if Beth is taller than Cath--than from exclusive disjunctions (Exp. 1). They made more valid transitive inferences from a biconditional when a categorical premise affirmed rather than denied one of its clauses, but they made more valid transitive inferences from an exclusive disjunction when a categorical premise denied rather than affirmed one of its clauses (Exp. 2). From exclusive disjunctions, such as either Ann is not in the same place as Beth or else Beth is not in the same place as Cath, individuals tended to infer that all three individuals could be in different places, whereas in fact this was impossible (Exps. 3a and 3b). The theory of mental models predicts all of these results. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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