Marine algal toxins and their vectors in southern California cetaceans
| Autor: | Michelle Berman, Jim Carretta, Elizabeth R. Frame, Spencer E. Fire, Kerri Danil, Melissa L. Carter, Kathi A. Lefebvre, Tod A. Leighfield, Antonella Preti |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Harmful Algal Bloom Zoology Phocoena Plant Science Delphinus delphis 010501 environmental sciences Aquatic Science Biology 01 natural sciences Algal bloom California chemistry.chemical_compound Engraulis biology.animal Animals Feces 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Saxitoxin 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology Domoic acid biology.organism_classification chemistry Cetacea Porpoise Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | Harmful algae. 103 |
| ISSN: | 1878-1470 |
| Popis: | Published baseline data on biotoxin exposure in cetaceans is sparse but critical for interpreting mortality events as harmful algal blooms increase in frequency and duration. We present the first synthesis of domoic acid (DA), saxitoxin (STX), okadaic acid (OA), and microcystin detections in the feces and urine of stranded and bycaught southern California cetaceans, over an 18 year period (2001–2018), along with corresponding stomach content data. DA was detected in 13 out of 19 cetacean species, most often in harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) (81.8%, n = 22) and long-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus delphis bairdii) (74%, n = 231). Maximum DA concentrations of 324,000 ng/g in feces and 271, 967 ng/ml in urine were observed in D. d. bairdii. DA was detected more frequently and at higher concentrations in male vs. female D. d. bairdii. Higher fecal DA concentrations in D. d. bairdii were associated with a greater proportion of northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) in the diet, indicating it may be a primary vector of DA. Fecal DA concentrations for D. d. bairdii off Point Conception were greater than those from animals sampled off Los Angeles and San Diego counties, reflecting greater primary productivity and higher Pseudo-nitzschia spp. abundance in that region and a greater abundance of E. mordax in the diet. STX was detected at low levels (fecal max = 7.5 ng/g, urine max = 17 ng/ml) in 3.6% (n = 165) of individuals from 3 out of 11 species. The occurrence of E. mordax in 100% of the 3 examined stomachs suggests this species could be a primary vector of the detected STX. OA was detected in 2.4% of tested individuals (n = 85) at a maximum fecal concentration of 422.8 ng/g. Microcystin was detected in 14.3% (n = 7) of tested individuals with a maximum liver concentration of 96.8 ppb. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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