Nitrogen gas produces less behavioural and neurophysiological excitation than carbon dioxide in mice undergoing euthanasia
| Autor: | Regula Bettschart-Wolfensberger, Thomas C. Gent, Martin Wehrle, Carlotta Detotto, Alexei L. Vyssotski, Sarah Isler |
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| Přispěvatelé: | University of Zurich, Gent, Thomas C |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Atmospheric Science Physiology Social Sciences Electroencephalography Locomotor activity chemistry.chemical_compound Mice 0302 clinical medicine Nitrogen gas Medicine and Health Sciences Psychology 610 Medicine & health Hypoxia Mammals Clinical Neurophysiology 0303 health sciences Brain Mapping Multidisciplinary medicine.diagnostic_test Animal Behavior Behavior Animal Eukaryota Fear Electrophysiology Chemistry Nociception Bioassays and Physiological Analysis Brain Electrophysiology Carbon dioxide Physical Sciences Vertebrates 11404 Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services Medicine Female Gases Research Article Chemical Elements medicine.medical_specialty Imaging Techniques Nitrogen Science Neurophysiology Neuroimaging 1100 General Agricultural and Biological Sciences Motor Activity Research and Analysis Methods Animal Welfare Rodents Noble Gases 03 medical and health sciences Greenhouse Gases Euthanasia Animal 1300 General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology Internal medicine medicine Environmental Chemistry Animals Animal behavior 030304 developmental biology Behavior 1000 Multidisciplinary Biological Locomotion Euthanasia Ecology and Environmental Sciences Electrophysiological Techniques Chemical Compounds Organisms Biology and Life Sciences Cell Biology Carbon Dioxide Electrophysiological Phenomena Oxygen Mice Inbred C57BL Endocrinology chemistry Atmospheric Chemistry Amniotes Earth Sciences Clinical Medicine Zoology 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Neuroscience |
| Zdroj: | PLoS ONE, 14 (1) Detotto, Carlotta; Isler, Sarah; Wehrle, Martin; Vyssotski, Alexei L; Bettschart-Wolfensberger, Regula; Gent, Thomas C (2019). Nitrogen gas produces less behavioural and neurophysiological excitation than carbon dioxide in mice undergoing euthanasia. PLoS ONE, 14(1), e0210818. Public Library of Science 10.1371/journal.pone.0210818 PLoS ONE PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 1, p e0210818 (2019) |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pone.0210818 |
| Popis: | Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the most commonly used gas euthanasia agents in mice, despite reports of aversion and nociception. Inert gases such as nitrogen (N2) may be a viable alternative to carbon dioxide. Here we compared behavioural and electrophysiological reactions to CO2 or N2 at either slow fill or rapid fill in C57Bl/6 mice undergoing gas euthanasia. We found that mice euthanised with CO2 increased locomotor activity compared to baseline, whereas mice exposed to N2 decreased locomotion. Furthermore, mice exposed to CO2 showed significantly more vertical jumps and freezing episodes than mice exposed to N2. We further found that CO2 exposure resulted in increased theta:delta of the EEG, a measure of excitation, whereas the N2 decreased theta:delta. Differences in responses were not oxygen-concentration dependent. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CO2 increases both behavioural and electrophysiological excitation as well as producing a fear response, whereas N2 reduces behavioural activity and central neurological depression and may be less aversive although still produces a fear response. Further studies are required to evaluate N2 as a suitable euthanasia agent for mice. PLoS ONE, 14 (1) ISSN:1932-6203 |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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