Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Delhi, India: High Seroprevalence Not a Deterrent?
| Autor: | Nutan Mundeja, Reshu Agarwal, Pragya Sharma, Gautam Bir Singh, Kumar Dushyant, Ritika Bakshi, Ruchir Rustagi, Saurav Basu, Nandini Sharma, Zeasaly Marak, Sanjay Singh, Ekta Gupta |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
education.field_of_study
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) serosurvey Transmission (medicine) business.industry Population General Engineering Antibody titer Infectious Disease pandemic wave antibody titer Confidence interval covid-19 Epidemiology/Public Health Sample size determination Pandemic Seroprevalence Medicine Preventive Medicine education business delhi Demography |
| Zdroj: | Cureus |
| ISSN: | 2168-8184 |
| Popis: | Background We report the findings of a large follow-up, community-based, cross-sectional serosurvey and correlate it with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) test-positivity rate and the caseload observed between the peaks of the first and the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Delhi, India. Methodology Individuals aged five and above were recruited from 274 wards of the state (population approximately 19.6 million) from January 11 to January 22, 2021. A total of 100 participants each were included from all wards for a net sample size of approximately 28,000. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select participants for the household serosurvey. Anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies were detected by using the VITROS (R) (Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ, USA) assay (90% sensitivity, 100% specificity). Results Antibody positivity was observed in 14,298 (50.76%) of 28,169 samples. The age, sex, and district population-weighted seroprevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 IgG was 50.52% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 49.94-51.10), and after adjustment for assay characteristics, it was 56.13% (95% CI = 55.49-56.77). On adjusted analysis, participants aged >= 50 years, of female gender, housewives, having ever lived in containment zones, urban slum dwellers, and diabetes or hypertensive patients had significantly higher odds of SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity. The peak infection rate and the test-positivity rate since October 2020 were initially observed in mid November 2020, with a subsequent steep declining trend, followed by a period of persistently low case burden lasting until the first week of March 2021. This was followed by a steady increase followed by an exponential surge in infections from April 2021 onward culminating in the second wave of the pandemic. Conclusions The presence of infection-induced immunity from SARS-CoV-2 even in more than one in two people can be ineffective in protecting the population. Despite such high seroprevalence, population susceptibility to COVID-19 can be accentuated by variants of concern having the ability for rapid transmission and depletion of antibody levels with the threat of recurrent infections, signifying the need for mass vaccination. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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