Mechanical and physicochemical characterization of vitreous and mealy Durum Wheat endosperm

Autor: R. Chéret, M.-F. Samson, Joel Abecassis, Frederic Mabille, Marie-Hélène Morel
Přispěvatelé: Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2005
Předmět:
Zdroj: Cereal Chemistry
Cereal Chemistry, American Association of Cereal Chemists, 2005, 82 (1), pp.81-87. ⟨10.1094/CC-82-0081⟩
ISSN: 0009-0352
DOI: 10.1094/CC-82-0081⟩
Popis: Corresponding author. E.mail marie-francoise.samson@supagro.inra.fr; International audience; The mechanical, physical, and biochemical characteristics of mealy and vitreous endosperm were investigated. Endosperm were obtained from four durum wheat cultivars grown under different nitrogen fertilization designs. The textural properties and the density of the endosperm were measured on hand-shaped parallelepiped endosperm samples. Endosperm protein content and composition and also gliadin composition were investigated by HPLC. Mechanical tests showed that mealy and vitreous endosperm differed in hardness and vitreousness. Vitreousness increased with nitrogen fertilization supply whereas there was no variation among the different cultivars. Hardness seemed to be linked to genotype and insensitive to nitrogen supply. From this result, we concluded that hardness and vitreousness are not related. Endosperm protein content and gliadin-to-glutenin ratio were related to nitrogen supply and increased especially when nitrogen supply was applied at flowering. At the same time, endosperm vitreousness increased. Further biochemical analyses were performed on 270 kernels, mealy or vitreous, hand-picked from 148 different crops. Results showed that protein content of vitreous endosperm exceeded 9.7% in >90% of the cases. The glia/glu ratio was a less accurate predictor of kernel vitreousness, indicating that, by itself, it cannot account for the change in kernel vitreousness. Endosperm vitreous texture would rise above a threshold content of 9.7% protein within the endosperm.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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