Transplantation of Foetal Ventral Mesencephalic Grafts in Parkinson’s Disease: A Still Evolving Concept with New Regulatory Challenges
| Autor: | Sven Möllers, Guido Nikkhah, Máté D. Döbrössy |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: |
0303 health sciences
Parkinson's disease Putamen Caudate nucleus Substantia nigra Disease Biology medicine.disease 3. Good health Transplantation 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Dopamine Dopaminergic Cell medicine Neuroscience 030217 neurology & neurosurgery 030304 developmental biology medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Towards New Therapies for Parkinson's Disease |
| Popis: | Several chapters of this book describe the physiology and symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) in great detail, nearly 200 years after the typical shaking palsies were first characterised by James Parkinson and further defined by Jean Martin Chacot as “Morbus Parkinson”. More recent investigations, starting in the 1950’s, identified PD as an age related phenomena, mainly effecting patients over 50 years old (Pollock & Hornabrook, 1966). The incidence of the onset of the disease in a patient is relatively high, as approximately 1 out of 1000 people in the western world might develop typical symptoms of the disease characterised by muscular rigidity or tremor, slow movements or slow mental activity (Lees, Hardy & Revesz, 2009). Once the high impact of this disease on the aging population was identified, research studies were initiated to identify a cure or symptomatic treatment of PD. Only a decade later, in the 60’s, the neurotransmitter dopamine, or more precisely the lack of it was pronounced as the main contributory factor in the pathogenesis of PD (Hornykiewicz, 1962, 1966) and initial clinical studies using L-Dopa showed the effectiveness of this drug to reduce the manifestation of classical symptoms of the disease (Boshes et al., 1969; Mones, 1969). As discussed in detail in previous chapters, the main cause of PD is considered to be a slow but continuously progressive reduction of dopamine within the midbrain region, namely the substantia nigra (SN), caused by a continuous loss of dopamine-producing cells within this region and consequently a lack of dopamine in the receptor target areas, i.e. the putamen and caudate nucleus. While many investigators addressed this issue by performing studies on the administration of L-dopa in animal models or in patients in order to directly overcome the lack of this substance, others focussed on different strategies: Replacement of what is lost by transplanting dopamine producing cells into the diseased tissue or into regions depleted of dopamine, and thereby reversing the loss of function and initiating regeneration of function ( Bjorklund et al., 1982b; Freed, Cannon-Spoor & Wyatt, 1984b). Transplanting organs and tissues in clinical situations was becoming state of the art from the beginning of the last century on, but transplanting dopaminergic cells into the central nervous system (Figure 1) raised technical difficulties and was first performed in Sweden by |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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