Incretin Hormones and Beta-cell mass expansion: what we know and what is missing?
| Autor: | Francesco Dotta, Federica Tortosa |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2013 |
| Předmět: |
endocrine system
medicine.medical_specialty Physiology Incretin Cell Count Incretins Neogenesis Physiology (medical) Internal medicine Insulin-Secreting Cells medicine Glucose homeostasis Animals Humans Progenitor cell biology Cell Death Regeneration (biology) digestive oral and skin physiology Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus General Medicine biology.organism_classification Endocrinology Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Beta cell hormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonists Hormone |
| Popis: | Pancreatic beta-cell mass expands through beta-cell proliferation and neogenesis while it decreases mainly via apoptosis. The loss of balance between beta-cell death and regeneration leads to a reduction of beta-cell functional mass, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The pathogenetic mechanisms causing T2DM are complex, and also include a significant reduction of the incretin effect. A better understanding of the role of incretin hormones in glucose homeostasis has led to the development of incretin-based therapies. Recently, incretin hormones have been shown to stimulate the beta-cell growth and differentiation from pancreas-derived stem/progenitor cells, as well as to exert cytoprotective, antiapoptotic effects on beta-cells. However, the role and the molecular mechanisms by which GLP-1 and its agonists regulate beta-cell mass have not been fully investigated. This review focuses the current findings and the missing understanding of the effects of incretin hormones on beta-cell mass expansion. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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