'The Good, the Bad and the Double-Sword' Effects of Microplastics and Their Organic Additives in Marine Bacteria
Autor: | Rosa M. Gomila, Pedro Echeveste, Guillem Ramis-Munar, Víctor Fernández-Juárez, Nona S. R. Agawin, Xabier López-Alforja, Antoni Bennasar-Figueras, Aida Frank-Comas |
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Rok vydání: | 2020 |
Předmět: |
Microbiology (medical)
Cyanobacteria Microplastics microplastics Heterotroph lcsh:QR1-502 cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Microbiology lcsh:Microbiology 03 medical and health sciences Marine bacteriophage N2-fixing bacteria Autotroph Food science 030304 developmental biology 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Original Research 0303 health sciences Microbial food web biology Chemistry biology.organism_classification marine pollution organic additives Diazotroph Bacteria |
Zdroj: | Frontiers in Microbiology Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol 11 (2021) |
ISSN: | 1664-302X |
Popis: | Little is known about the direct effects of microplastics (MPs) and their organic additives on marine bacteria, considering their role in the nutrient cycles, e.g., N-cycles through the N2-fixation, or in the microbial food web. To fill this gap of knowledge, we exposed marine bacteria, specifically diazotrophs, to pure MPs which differ in physical properties (e.g., density, hydrophobicity, and/or size), namely, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene, and to their most abundant associated organic additives (e.g., fluoranthene, 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane and dioctyl-phthalate). Growth, protein overproduction, direct physical interactions between MPs and bacteria, phosphorus acquisition mechanisms and/or N2-fixation rates were evaluated. Cyanobacteria were positively affected by environmental and high concentrations of MPs, as opposed to heterotrophic strains, that were only positively affected with high concentrations of ~120 μm-size MPs (detecting the overproduction of proteins related to plastic degradation and C-transport), and negatively affected by 1 μm-size PS beads. Generally, the organic additives had a deleterious effect in both autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria and the magnitude of the effect is suggested to be dependent on bacterial size. Our results show species-specific responses of the autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria tested and the responses (beneficial: the “good,” deleterious: the “bad” and/or both: the “double-sword”) were dependent on the type and concentration of MPs and additives. This suggests the need to determine the threshold levels of MPs and additives concentrations starting from which significant effects can be observed for key microbial populations in marine systems, and these data are necessary for effective environmental quality control management. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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